Arthashastra 3.7.30: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 7, Sutra 30
Devanagari script
त एते प्रतिलोमाः स्वधर्मातिक्रमाद् राज्ञः सम्भवन्ति ॥ कZ_०३.७.३० ॥
Transliteration
ta ete pratilomāḥ svadharmātikramād rājñaḥ sambhavanti
Translation
यह सब प्रतिलोम ग्रुप होते हैं। यह तब बनते हैं जब राजा अपना धरम तोड़ता है।
Word by Word
तेthey / those
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma-śabdaḥ; prathamā-vibhaktiḥ; bahuvacanam; puṃliṅgam (contextually)
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formsarvanāma-śabdaḥ; prathamā-vibhaktiḥ; bahuvacanam; puṃliṅgam
प्रतिलोमाःcontrary (to the proper order); inverted; transgressive
प्रतिलोमाः:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootप्रतिलोम
Formprātipadikam; prathamā-vibhaktiḥ; bahuvacanam; puṃliṅgam; viśeṣaṇam (of implied persons/acts)
स्वधर्मातिक्रमात्from (the act of) overstepping one’s own duty
स्वधर्मातिक्रमात्:
TypeNoun (action-noun)
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formसमासः: स्वधर्मस्य अतिक्रमः इति; ‘अतिक्रम’ = kṛdanta-noun (from √क्रम् with prefix अति); pañcamī-vibhaktiḥ (ablative); ekavacanam; puṃliṅgam
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formṣaṣṭhī-vibhaktiḥ (genitive); ekavacanam; puṃliṅgam
सम्भवन्तिarise / come into being / occur
सम्भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-भू
Formlaṭ-lakāraḥ (present); prathama-puruṣaḥ; bahuvacanam; parasmaipada; dhātuḥ √भू with upasarga सम्
Entities Mentioned
P
pratilomaR
rājā (king)FAQs
Kautilya frames social disorder as a governance lapse: the ruler’s failure to enforce norms produces destabilizing categories and conflicts.
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