Arthashastra 3.3.9: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 3, Sutra 9

Devanagari script

तस्यातिक्रमे वाग्दण्डपारुष्यदण्डाभ्यामर्धदण्डाः ॥ कZ_०३.३.०९ ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.3.9

Transliteration

tasyātikrame vāgdaṇḍapāruṣyadaṇḍābhyāmardhadaṇḍāḥ

Translation

अगर ज़्यादा मार दिया, तो जुर्माना हाफ रेट पे लगेगा। जैसे गाली देने का या मारने का जुर्माना होता है, उसका आधा लगेगा।

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Word by Word

• तस्य: of that / of him / thereof
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अतिक्रमे: upon transgression / in the case of violation
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: अति√क्रम्
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; भाववाचक (अतिक्रम = transgression)

• वाक्-दण्ड: penalty for speech (verbal penalty)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक् + दण्ड
• Form: तृतीया-द्विवचनम् (दण्डाभ्याम्-शब्देन), पुंलिङ्ग; समासान्त-पद: दण्ड

• पारुष्य-दण्ड: penalty for abuse/insult (harshness)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारुष्य + दण्ड
• Form: तृतीया-द्विवचनम् (दण्डाभ्याम्-शब्देन), पुंलिङ्ग; समासान्त-पद: दण्ड

• आभ्याम्: by/with these two
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (एतद्-प्रत्ययान्त सर्वनाम)
• Form: तृतीया-द्विवचनम्, सर्वनाम; ‘by/with these two’

• अर्ध-दण्डाः: (they are) half-penalties / half the fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ध + दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; विधेय (predicate)

Entities Mentioned

• offender disciplinarian (implied)
• victim ward/dependent (implied)
• court (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What does cross-referencing vāgdaṇḍa and pāruṣyadaṇḍa accomplish?

It plugs household discipline into the broader penal code, ensuring consistent valuation of harm and simplifying judicial calculation.