Arthashastra 3.3.11: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 3, Sutra 11

Devanagari script

ईर्ष्यया बाह्यविहारेषु द्वारेष्वत्ययो यथानिर्दिष्टः । इति पारुष्यम् ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.3.11

Transliteration

īrṣyayā bāhyavihāreṣu dvāreṣv atyayo yathānirdiṣṭaḥ | iti pāruṣyam

Translation

जब किसी को जलन हो, और वो बाहर घूमने पे या दरवाज़े पे किसी पे हाथ उठा दे, तो जो सज़ा पहले लिखी है वो लगेगी। यह पारुष्य में आता है, यानी ज़बरदस्ती या गाली-गलौच का काम।

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Word by Word

• ईर्ष्यया: through jealousy; out of jealousy
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईर्ष्या
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन (करण/हेतु)

• बाह्य-विहारेषु: in external outings/places of recreation outside (the house/town)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: बाह्य + विहार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन (अधिकरण)

• द्वारेषु: at/in the doors; at entrances
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वार
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन (अधिकरण)

• अत्ययः: the offence/transgression
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्यय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• यथा-निर्दिष्टः: as previously prescribed/stated
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: यथा + निर्दिष्ट
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विशेषणम् (अत्ययः इत्यस्य)

• इति: thus; so (it is said)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: उक्तिसमाप्त्यर्थक-अव्ययम्; इत्यनेन परामर्शः/निगमनम्

• पारुष्यम्: (this is) ‘violence/abuse’ (the offence-class termed pāruṣya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारुष्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विषय-निर्देशः (अध्याय/प्रकरण-शीर्षकवत्)

Entities Mentioned

• īrṣyā (jealousy)
• dvāra (door/threshold)
• bāhya-vihāra (public outings)
• pāruṣya (abuse/assault)

More Details

FAQs

Why are ‘doorways’ and ‘external outings’ singled out?

They are liminal/public-facing spaces where domestic conflict spills into public order; the state treats this as aggravating, warranting higher penalty.

What does ‘pāruṣya’ cover in administrative terms?

A legal category for abusive speech/physical violence, enabling standardized charging and sentencing.