Arthashastra 3.19.3: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 19, Sutra 3
Devanagari script
नाभेरुपरि द्विगुणाः शिरसि चतुर्गुणाः समेषु ॥
Transliteration
nābher upari dviguṇāḥ śirasi caturguṇāḥ sameṣu
Translation
अगर यह काम नावल के ऊपर किया, तो जुर्माना डबल होगा। अगर सिर पे किया, तो चार गुना होगा।
Word by Word
नाभेःof the navel / from the navel (region)
नाभेः:
TypeNoun
Rootनाभि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन (Gen. sg.)
उपरिabove
उपरि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरि
Formअव्यय; उपरि = above
द्विगुणाःtwofold / twice (as much)
द्विगुणाः:
TypeAdjective (used nominally)
Rootद्वि + गुण
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (Nom. pl.); ‘द्विगुण’ = twice (in measure)
शिरसिon/at the head
शिरसि:
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन (Loc. sg.)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
चतुर्गुणाःfourfold / four times (as much)
चतुर्गुणाः:
TypeAdjective (used nominally)
Rootचतुर् + गुण
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (Nom. pl.); ‘चतुर्गुण’ = fourfold
समेषुin the level/equal (parts/places)
समेषु:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसम
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन (Loc. pl.); ‘सम’ = equal/level (places/parts)
FAQs
Because these zones carry higher social and bodily dignity; defilement there is more humiliating and more likely to provoke retaliatory violence, so the state increases deterrence.
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