Arthashastra 3.19.21: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 19, Sutra 21
पूर्वं पश्चाद्वाभिगतस्य साक्षिणः प्रमाणमसाक्षिके घातः कलहोपलिङ्गनं वा ॥
pūrvaṃ paścād vābhigatasya sākṣiṇaḥ pramāṇam asākṣike ghātaḥ kalahopaliṅganaṃ vā
गवाह की बात सुननी चाहिए, जो पहले बात किया या बाद में, जो भी सही लगता है उस हिसाब से। जहां कोई गवाह नहीं हो, वहां चोट की निशानी या लड़ाई के सबूत से पता लगाना है।
FAQs
A pragmatic acceptance of circumstantial evidence—physical injuries and observable disturbance indicators can substitute for direct testimony.
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