Arthashastra 3.18.1: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 18, Sutra 1
Devanagari script
वाक्पारुष्यमुपवादः कुत्सनमभिभर्त्सनमिति ॥
Transliteration
vākpāruṣyam upavādaḥ kutsanam abhibhartsanam iti
Translation
गाली देना तीन तरह का होता है। किसी की बदनामी करना, बेइज़्ज़ती करना, या धमकाना।
Word by Word
वाक्पारुष्यम्verbal harshness / verbal abuse
वाक्पारुष्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपारुष्य (from परुष)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; वाक्- (स्त्री.) + पारुष्य- (नपुं.) → ‘वाचः पारुष्यम्’
उपवादःreproach; accusation; defamation
उपवादः:
TypeNoun
Rootउप-√वद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
कुत्सनम्censure; contemptuous disparagement
कुत्सनम्:
TypeNoun
Root√कुत्स्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम
अभिभर्त्सनम्strong rebuke; harsh reviling
अभिभर्त्सनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअभि-√भर्त्स्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम
इतिthus; so (end of enumeration/definition)
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formअव्यय; उक्तिसमाप्त्यर्थक/परिभाषासूचक
Entities Mentioned
S
speakers/offenders (implicit)V
victims (implicit)FAQs
Classification enables calibrated penalties and clearer adjudication, limiting arbitrary judgments in speech-related disputes.
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