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Arthashastra 3.16.38: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 16, Sutra 38

विवादपदेषु चैषां यावन्तः पणा दण्डास्तावती रात्रीः क्षपणाभिषेकाग्निकार्यमहाकच्छवर्धनानि राज्ञश्चरेयुः ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.16.38

vivādapadeṣu caiṣāṃ yāvantaḥ paṇā daṇḍāstāvatī rātrīḥ kṣapaṇābhiṣekāgnikāryamahākacchavardhanāni rājñaś careyuḥ

जब किसी केस में जुर्माना होता है, जितने पैसे का जुर्माना है, उतने दिन राजा इनके लिए जो नियम बताता है वोह फॉलो करने पड़ते हैं। यह खास तरह के व्रत और नियम होते हैं।

विवादपदेषुin the matters/grounds of dispute (in dispute-cases)
विवादपदेषु:
TypeNoun
Rootविवादपद
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; सप्तमी; (विवादस्य पदम् = विवादपदम्) तस्मिन्—‘विवादपदेषु’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formषष्ठी; बहुवचन; (पुं/नपुं) सर्वनाम; ‘of these (persons/parties)’
यावन्तःas many as
यावन्तः:
TypePronoun
Rootयावत्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; प्रथमा; परिमाणवाचक-संबन्ध (‘as many as’)
पणाःpaṇas (monetary units)
पणाः:
TypeNoun
Rootपण
Formपुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; प्रथमा; द्रव्य-परिमाणवाचक
दण्डाःfines/penalties
दण्डाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; प्रथमा; दण्ड-रूप-शास्ति
तावतीःthat many
तावतीः:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootतावत्
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; प्रथमा; परिमाण-साम्य (‘so many/that many’)
रात्रीःnights (as a measure of time)
रात्रीः:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; द्वितीया; काल-परिमाण
क्षपणthe Kṣapaṇa (ascetic, esp. Jaina)
क्षपण:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षपण
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; (समासाङ्ग)
अभिषेकconsecration (rite)
अभिषेक:
TypeNoun
Rootअभिषेक
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; (समासाङ्ग)
अग्निकार्यfire-ritual/oblation duty
अग्निकार्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्निकार्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; (अग्नेः कार्यम्)
महाकच्छMahākaccha (a region/locality)
महाकच्छ:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाकच्छ
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; (महती कच्छा)
वर्धनानिprosperity-promoting observances/augmentations
वर्धनानि:
TypeNoun
Rootवर्धन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; प्रथमा; ‘वर्धन’ = वृद्धि/उत्सव/समृद्धि-कारक-क्रिया (context-dependent)
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; षष्ठी; ‘of the king’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
चरेयुःshould be observed/performed
चरेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formलिङ् (विधिलिङ्); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; धातु: चर् (चरति)
K
king (rājā)
K
Kṣapaṇa
A
Abhiṣeka-observants
A
Agnikārya-observants
M
Mahākacchavardhana-observants

FAQs

A standard conversion rule: monetary liability is mapped to a measurable non-monetary sanction (nights of observance), enabling predictable and enforceable penalties even for groups where monetary collection is impractical or socially sensitive.

To constrain discretion and prevent arbitrary ‘religious’ punishments; the state recognizes certain penances and ties them to quantified liability under royal authority.

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