Arthashastra 3.12.8: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 12, Sutra 8

Devanagari script

तेनाधिप्रणाशोपभोगविक्रयाधानापहारा व्याख्याताः ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.12.8

Transliteration

tenādhipraṇāśopabhogavikrayādhānāpahārā vyākhyātāḥ

Translation

इस एक रूल से बहुत सारे केसेज़ क्लियर हो जाते हैं। जैसे अगर डिपॉज़िट खराब हो जाए, या कोई यूज़ कर ले, बेच दे, गिरवी रख दे, या चुरा ले। सब केसेज़ इस रूल से कवर हो जाते हैं।

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Word by Word

• तेन: by that; thereby; with that (principle/method)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्; तृतीया-एकवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गम् (instrumental sg. of तद्)

• अधिप्रणाश: (cases of) the destruction/death of the owner/superior (as a legal ground)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-नश्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (as member of a coordinated list); समासः: अधि-प्रणाशः (overlord’s/owner’s destruction; lit. ‘superior-destruction’)

• उपभोग: use/enjoyment (of property); beneficial enjoyment
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुज्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (in list)

• विक्रय: sale; selling/alienation by sale
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्री
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (in list)

• आधान: placing/entrusting; deposit/pledge (contextual legal act)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (in list)

• अपहाराः: takings away; theft/robbery/embezzlement (wrongful seizure)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप-हृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्

• व्याख्याताः: have been explained/expounded
• Type: Verb (PPP)
• Root: वि-आ-ख्या
• Form: कृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत्); प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; पुंलिङ्गम् (agreeing with अपहाराः; sense: ‘have been explained’)

Entities Mentioned

• custodian
• deposit

More Details

FAQs

What does this closing sutra indicate about Kautilya’s legislative style?

He uses compact rules with explicit extension clauses to cover related fact-patterns, improving consistency and reducing interpretive ambiguity for officials.