Arthashastra 3.11.32 - Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 11, Sutra 32

Kautilya

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Arthashastra 3.11.32: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 11, Sutra 32

Devanagari script

स्वामिनो भृत्यानामृत्विगाचार्याः शिष्याणां मातापितरौ पुत्राणां चानिग्रहेण साक्ष्यं कुर्युः तेसामितरे वा ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.11.32

Transliteration

svāmino bhṛtyānām ṛtvigācāryāḥ śiṣyāṇāṃ mātāpitarau putrāṇāṃ cānigraheṇa sākṣyaṃ kuryuḥ tesām itare vā

Translation

मालिक अपने नौकर के बारे में गवाह दे सकते हैं। पुजारी और गुरु अपने शिष्यों के बारे में बोल सकते हैं। माँ-बाप अपने बेटे के बारे में कह सकते हैं। लेकिन किसी जबरदस्ती पे नहीं, वरना दूसरा गवाह लगाओ।

Word by Word

स्वामिनःof masters/owners (i.e., masters’/employers’)

भृत्यानाम्of servants/employees

ऋत्विगाचार्याःpriests and teachers

शिष्याणाम्of pupils/students

माताmother

पितरौ(and) father (the two parents)

पुत्राणाम्of sons/children

चand

अनिग्रहेणwithout restraint/coercion; without pressure

साक्ष्यम्testimony/evidence

कुर्युःshould give/should make (i.e., should testify)

तेषाम्of them/their

इतरेothers (different persons)

वाor

Entities Mentioned

masters/employers

priests/teachers

parents/sons

FAQs

What is the key safeguard in this rule?

Testimony is acceptable only when free from coercion; if coercion is likely, the court should rely on independent witnesses.

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