Arthashastra 3.11.30: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 11, Sutra 30
Devanagari script
पारुष्यस्तेयसंग्रहणेषु तु वैरिस्यालसहायवर्जाः ॥
Transliteration
pāruṣyasteyasaṃgrahaṇeṣu tu vairisyālasahāyavarjāḥ
Translation
मार-पीट, चोरी, और जबरदस्ती छीन लेने के केस में गवाह लोग होने चाहिए। लेकिन वो लोग गवाह नहीं बन सकते जो दुश्मन हों, मिलीभगत करें, या किसी के साथ हो।
Word by Word
पारुष्यviolence/harsh assault; abusive or cruel act
पारुष्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपारुष्य (from परुष)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम (क्रूरता/कठोरता)
स्तेयtheft; stealing
स्तेय:
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेय (from √स्ते/स्ताय् ‘to steal’ > स्तेय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम
संग्रहणेषुin cases of seizure/collection/apprehension
संग्रहणेषु:
TypeNoun
Rootसम्-√ग्रह्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; ‘संग्रहण’ = संग्रह/ग्रहण-स्थान/अवसर
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeParticle
Rootतु
Formअव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक
वैरिस्यof an enemy
वैरिस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवैरि
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘वैरि’ = शत्रु
आलसहायan indolent helper/assistant
आलसहाय:
TypeNoun
Rootआलस + सहाय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (समासपद); ‘आलसः सहायः’ = आलस-स्वभावः सहायकः
वर्जाःto be avoided; excluded
वर्जाः:
TypeAdjective (predicative)
Root√वृज्/वर्ज् (to avoid) > वर्ज्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘वर्ज’ (वर्ज्य) = त्याज्य/परिहर्तव्य
FAQs
For high-conflict offenses, exclude witnesses who are enemies, partisan confederates, or close associates of a party—because their testimony is predictably distorted.
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