Bhikshuka
Bhikshuka Upanishad Atharvaveda se juda hua chhota sa text hai. Ye sannyasi logon ke liye likha gaya hai jo ghar chhod kar sadhu ban jaate hain. Isme sirf paanch shlok hain jo batate hain ki ek bhikshuka kaise jeena chahiye. Bhikshuka matlab wo sadhu jo khana maang ke khata hai aur kuch apne paas nahi rakhta. Ye text kehta hai ki kuch na apne paas rakhna, senses ko control mein rakhna, aur mann ko shant rakhna chahiye. Log isko isliye padhte hain kyunki ye batata hai ki kaise moksha ki raah par chalna hai. Ye sikhata hai ki ghar chhodna sirf garibi ke liye nahi, balki apne aap ko samajhne ke liye hai. Isme yeh bhi hai ki tareef ya buraee, loss ya profit - sab mein same rehna chahiye.
Start ReadingKey Teachings
Bhikṣuka (mendicant renouncer) as an āśrama oriented solely to mokṣa (liberation)
Radical non-possession (aparigraha) and dependence on alms as a discipline against craving
Equanimity toward dualities (honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain, gain/loss)
Restraint of speech, mind, and senses; inner silence as the ground of insight
Dispassion (vairāgya) and abandonment of egoic identity and social status
Living simplicity as a support for Self-knowledge (Ātma-jñāna) and Brahman-realization
Compassionate non-harming and unobtrusive conduct as marks of the true renouncer
Verses of the Bhikshuka
5 verses with Sanskrit text, transliteration, and translation.
Verse 1
ॐ अथ भिक्षूणां मोक्षार्थिनां कुटीचकबहूदकहंसपरमहंसाश्चेति चत्वारः॥१॥
Jo log bhiksha maang ke jeete hain aur mukti chahte hain, unmein chaar tarah ke log hote hain. Pehle hote hain Kutichak, dusre Bahudak, teesre Hans, aur chauthe Paramhans. Yeh chaaron alag-alag tarah ke sannyasi hain.
Moksha (liberation) and Sannyasa (renunciation) typologyVerse 2
कुटीचका नाम गौतमभरद्वाजयाज्ञवल्क्यवसिष्ठप्रभृतयोऽष्टौ ग्रासान् श्वरन्तो योगमार्गे मोक्षमेव प्रार्थयन्ते॥२॥
Kutichak kehte hain un logon ko jaise Gautam, Bhardwaj, Yagyavalkya, Vashishth aur do aur bhi. Yeh log din mein sirf aath grah khate hain, zyada nahi. Aur yoga ke raaste pe chal ke sirf mukti maangte hain, kuch nahi.
Vairāgya (dispassion) and disciplined living as support for MokṣaVerse 3
अथ बहूदका नाम त्रिदण्डकमण्डलुशिखायज्ञोपवीतकाषायवस्त्रधारिणो ब्रह्मर्षिगृहे मधुमांसं वर्जयित्वाष्टौ ग्रासान् भैक्षाचरणं कृत्वा योगमार्गे मोक्षमेव प्रार्थयन्ते॥३॥
Bahudak kehte hain un logon ko jo teen danda haath mein leke ghoomte hain. Unke paas ek chhota paani ka lota hota hai, baal lambe bandhe hote hain, janeu pehne hote hain, aur bhagwa kapde pehne hote hain. Yeh log kisi bade rishi ke ghar jaake madh aur maas nahi khate. Sirf aath graas khake bhiksha maangte hain aur yoga karke mukti maangte hain.
Sannyāsa-dharma (renunciant discipline) and purity as support for MokṣaVerse 4
अथ हंसा नाम ग्रामे एकरात्रं नगरे पञ्चरात्रं क्षेत्रे सप्तरात्रं तदुपरि न वसेयुः । गोमूत्रगोमयाहारिणो नित्यं चान्द्रायणपरायणा योगमार्गे मोक्षमेव प्रार्थयन्ते॥४॥
Hans naam ke sannyasi kisi gaon mein ek raat rehte hain, kisi shehar mein paanch raat, aur kisi teerth sthal mein saat raat. Usse zyada wahan nahi rehte, chalte bante hain. Yeh log gai ke moot aur gobar se apna pet bharte hain. Chandrayan vrat rakhte hain aur yoga karke mukti maangte hain.
Vairāgya and aparigraha (non-attachment/non-accumulation)Verse 5
अथ परमहंसा नाम संवर्तकारुणिश्वेतकेतुजडभरतदत्तात्रेयशुकवामदेवहारीतकप्रभृतयोऽष्टौ ग्रासान् श्वरन्तो योगमार्गे मोक्षमेव प्रार्थयन्ते । वृक्षमूले शून्यगृहे श्मशानवासिनो वा साम्बरा वा दिगम्बरा वा । न तेषां...
Paramhans kehte hain un logon ko jaise Samvart, Karuni, Shvetaketu, Jadbharat, Dattatreya, Shuk, Vamdev, Haritak aur do aur bhi. Yeh bhi aath graas khake yoga karke mukti maangte hain. Yeh ped ke neeche rehte hain, khaali ghar mein rehte hain, ya shamshaan mein rehte hain. Kuch kapde pehante hain, kuch kuch nahi pehante. Inke liye koi achha-bura nahi, koi laabh-haani nahi, koi saaf-ganda nahi. Yeh mitti, patthar aur sona sab ek jaisa samajhte hain. Yeh sab jagah jaake bhiksha maangte hain aur har jagah khud ko hi dekhte hain. Yeh jo bhi mil jaye wahi pehante hain, kisi cheez ka moh nahi, kuch apna nahi rakhte. Sirf dhyan mein lage rehte hain. Sirf itna khate hain ki jaan bach ke rahe. Yeh khaali ghar, mandir, ghaas ke dher, cheenti ka bil, ped ki jar, kumhar ki dukaan, yagya ki jagah, nadi ke kinare, pahad ki gufa, paani ka chutehra, aur khaali zameen pe rehte hain. Wahan jaake Brahma ke raaste poora kaam karte hain, mann saaf rakhte hain, aur Paramhans ban ke shareer chhod dete hain. Aise log Paramhans kehlaate hain. Yeh Upanishad yehi sikhata hai.
Atman-Brahman non-duality (Advaita), jīvanmukti ideal, aparigraha, samatvaAsk anything about the Bhikshuka Upanishad
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