Rig Veda 7.79.2: Mandala 7, Sukta 79, Mantra 2

Sukta 7.79

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (probable)

Devata: Uṣas (with Savitṛ as simile)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

व्यञ्जते दिवो अन्तेष्वक्तून्विशो न युक्ता उषसो यतन्ते । सं ते गावस्तम आ वर्तयन्ति ज्योतिर्यच्छन्ति सवितेव बाहू ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 7.79.2

Transliteration

vy àñjate divó ánteṣv aktū́n víśo ná yuktā́ uṣáso yatante | sáṃ te gā́vas táma ā́ vartayanti jyótir yácchanti savitéva bāhū́ ||

Translation

Yeh subahen aasman ke kinare tak phailti hain. Jaise gaadi mein jute log chale jaate hain, waise hi yeh aage badhti hain. Usha ki kirnein andhera peeche kar deti hain. Woh roshni pakad ke rakh ti hain, jaise Savita apne haath failata hai.

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Word by Word

• व्यञ्जते: they manifest/appear, become visible
• व्यञ्जते: Kriyā (of subject ‘उषसः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यञ्ज् (vy-añj) / √अञ्ज्

• दिवः: of heaven/sky
• दिवः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ-)

• अन्तेषु: at the ends/borders
• अन्तेषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्त (prātipadika)

• अक्तून्: nights (dark periods)
• अक्तून्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्तु (prātipadika)

• विशः: clans/settlements
• विशः: Kartā (simile-subject) / Upamāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश् (prātipadika)

• न: like/as
• न: Upamā-vācaka
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• युक्ताः: yoked, harnessed, joined
• युक्ताः: Viśeṣaṇa (of implied subject in simile: ‘विशः’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: युज् → युक्त (PPP)

• उषसः: the Dawns
• उषसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika)

• यतन्ते: they strive/press on, hasten
• यतन्ते: Kriyā (main verb of clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यत् (√यत्)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम्

• ते: for you/to you
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्/युष्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• गावः: cows
• गावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (prātipadika)

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ

• वर्तयन्ति: they cause to turn/roll away, drive off
• वर्तयन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (causative: वर्तय-)

• ज्योतिः: light
• ज्योतिः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (prātipadika)

• यच्छन्ति: they extend/grant, bestow
• यच्छन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (√यम्)

• सविता: Savitar (the impeller Sun-god)
• सविता: Kartā (of implied comparison) / Upamāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (prātipadika)

• इव: like
• इव: Upamā-vācaka
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• बाहू: two arms
• बाहू: Karma (object of ‘यच्छन्ति’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (prātipadika)