Shloka 30

कौसल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and Ethical Analogies on Kingship

Devanagari script

वनं गते धर्मपरे रामे रमयतां वरे।कौसल्या रुदती स्वार्ता भर्तारमिदमब्रवीत्।।2.61.1।।

Transliteration

vanaṃ gate dharmapare rāme ramayatāṃ vare | kausalyā rudatī svārtā bhartāram idam abravīt ||

Translation

धर्मपरायण और सबको प्रिय लगने वाले श्रेष्ठ राम के वन को चले जाने पर, स्वार्थ-शोक से व्याकुल कौसल्या रोती हुई अपने पति से यह बोली।

Word by Word

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• गते: when (he) had gone
• गते: क्रियाविशेषण (Locative absolute/सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकृत् (PPP) ‘गत’; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; locative absolute with ‘रामे’

• धर्मपरे: devoted to dharma
• धर्मपरे: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘धर्मे परः’

• रामे: when Rama (was)
• रामे: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• रमयताम्: of those who delight (others)
• रमयताम्: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √रम् (धातु) + णिच् → रमयत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) बहुवचन

• वरे: the best
• वरे: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• कौसल्या: Kausalya
• कौसल्या: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• रुदती: weeping
• रुदती: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √रुद् (धातु) → रुदत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स्वार्ता: in her own anguish
• स्वार्ता: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भर्तारम्: her husband
• भर्तारम्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अब्रवीत्: spoke
• अब्रवीत्: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

Hearing the words uttered in harrowing accents, the king overcome with deep distress became senseless. Recollecting his folly thereafter he fell into a sad state.ইত্যার্ষে শ্রীমদ্রামাযণে বাল্মীকীয আদিকাব্যে অযোধ্যাকাণ্ডে একষষ্টিতমস্সর্গঃ৷৷Thus ends the sixtyfirst sarga in Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kausalyā
• Daśaratha
• Forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

By foregrounding Rāma’s dharma-orientation, the narration frames the ensuing lament as an ethical crisis: the righteous have been made to suffer through decisions made in the name of duty.

What is the narrative situation?

A repeated narrative marker (as presented in the input) introducing Kausalyā’s speech after Rāma’s departure.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s integrity and altruism (dharma + concern for others) are emphasized as defining traits.