Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 11

पितृमरणश्रवणं जलक्रिया च

Hearing of Daśaratha’s death and the libation rites at Mandākinī

Devanagari script

निष्प्रधानामनेकाग्रां नरेन्द्रेण विनाकृताम्।निवृत्तवनवासोऽपि नायोध्यां गन्तु मुत्सहे।।।।

Transliteration

niṣpradhānām anekāgrāṃ narendreṇa vinākṛtām | nivṛttavanavāso 'pi nāyodhyāṃ gantuṃ utsahe || 2.102.11 ||

Translation

राजा के बिना पड़ी, प्रधान-रहित और अनेक प्रकार की चिंता में डूबी हुई उस अयोध्या में, वनवास पूरा हो जाने पर भी, मैं जाने का साहस नहीं करता।

Word by Word

• निष्प्रधानाम्: bereft of a chief/leader
• निष्प्रधानाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्प्रधान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘अयोध्याम्’ (city)

• अनेकाग्राम्: directionless/distracted
• अनेकाग्राम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेकाग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘अयोध्याम्’

• नरेन्द्रेण: by the king
• नरेन्द्रेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: नराणाम् इन्द्रः

• विनाकृताम्: deprived (of the king)
• विनाकृताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विना + कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘made without/deprived of’ qualifying ‘अयोध्याम्’

• निवृत्तवनवासः: (I) whose exile is completed
• निवृत्तवनवासः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निवृत्त-वनवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: वनवासः निवृत्तः यस्य (sense: ‘whose forest-exile is completed’)

• अपि: even (so)
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; concessive/additive ‘even though’

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation)

• अयोध्याम्: to Ayodhya
• अयोध्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयोध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• गन्तुम्: to go
• गन्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/infinitive complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive), ‘to go’

• उत्सहे: I am able/dare
• उत्सहे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्सह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Context

Even after the completion of my exile I do not wish to return to Ayodhya which is directionless, bereft of its chief, the king.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Ayodhyā
• Daśaratha (implicit as narendra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A kingdom’s stability depends on rightful leadership; dharma includes concern for social order and the disorientation caused by loss of a righteous ruler.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama, grieving, expresses reluctance to return to Ayodhyā because it is now without Daśaratha.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s sense of responsibility and reverence for rightful authority—he feels the gravity of a realm bereft of its king.