Shloka 18

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

पूर्वायाः संगदोषेण न योग्यास्ताः प्रपूजने । वर्जयन्ति नरास्तज्ज्ञा यामांश्च चतुरो द्विजाः ॥ १८ ॥

Transliteration

pūrvāyāḥ saṃgadoṣeṇa na yogyāstāḥ prapūjane | varjayanti narāstajjñā yāmāṃśca caturo dvijāḥ || 18 ||

Translation

पूर्व-संग (पहले के संसर्ग) के दोष से वे (काल/अवस्था) पूजा के लिए योग्य नहीं हैं। इसलिए नियम जानने वाले—विशेषकर द्विज—उनका तथा चारों यामों का परित्याग करते हैं।

Word by Word

• पूर्वायाः: of the previous (one)
• पूर्वायाः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूर्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive singular; ‘of the previous (tithi)’

• संग-दोषेण: due to the defect of overlap/association
• संग-दोषेण: करण/हेतु (Karaṇa/Instrument-Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग (प्रातिपदिक) + दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; instrumental singular; तत्पुरुष (संगस्य दोषः)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• योग्याः: fit/suitable
• योग्याः: विधेय-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: योग्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; nominative plural; agreeing with ताः

• ताः: those (tithis)
• ताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; nominative plural (pronoun)

• प्रपूजने: in worship/ritual honoring
• प्रपूजने: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रपूजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; locative singular

• वर्जयन्ति: avoid/omit
• वर्जयन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• नराः: people
• नराः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; nominative plural

• तत्-ज्ञाः: those who know that (rule)
• तत्-ज्ञाः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; nominative plural; तत्पुरुष (तत् जानन्ति)

• यामान्: watches (of time)
• यामान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: याम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; accusative plural

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; accusative plural; numeral adjective qualifying यामान्

• द्विजाः: twice-born (Brahmins)
• द्विजाः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; nominative plural; apposition to नराः

Speaker

Narada (teaching within the Uttara-Bhaga tirtha/ritual context; traditional dialogue frame with Sanatkumara lineage)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It teaches that worship (pūjā) should be performed in a state of ritual suitability—free from contaminating contact—so that the act becomes a clear, disciplined offering rather than a careless habit.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Bhakti here is expressed through reverent discipline: the devotee honors the deity by choosing proper conditions and times, showing attentiveness and respect rather than merely performing outward acts.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It reflects Vedāṅga-based ritual timekeeping (kalā/yāma divisions) and the applied rules of purity used to determine when worship and vrata-related acts should be avoided.