Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 40, Shloka 8

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

पञ्चैते योगिनां योगविघ्राय कटुकोदयाः । वेदार्थाः काव्यशास्त्रार्था विद्याशिल्पान्यशेषतः ॥

Transliteration

pañcaite yogināṃ yoga-vighrāya kaṭukodayāḥ | vedārthāḥ kāvya-śāstrārthā vidyā-śilpāny aśeṣataḥ ||

Translation

ये पाँच तीव्र रूप से उत्पन्न होकर योगियों के योग में बाधा डालते हैं—वेद के अर्थ, काव्य और शास्त्रों के अर्थ, तथा समस्त विद्याओं और कलाओं का बिना शेष (अकस्मात्) अधिगम।

Word by Word

• pañca: five
• pañca: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pañca (संख्या/अव्ययप्राय)
• Form: संख्यावाचक; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-समर्थ (indeclinable-like numeral used adjectivally)

• ete: these
• ete: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• yoginām: of yogins
• yoginām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yogin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• yoga-vighrāya: for the obstruction of yoga
• yoga-vighrāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक) + vighra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (yogasya vighraḥ)

• kaṭuka-udayāḥ: having harsh/arising bitterly
• kaṭuka-udayāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kaṭuka (प्रातिपदिक) + udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्मधारयः (kaṭukaḥ udayaḥ)

• veda-arthāḥ: meanings of the Veda
• veda-arthāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veda (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (vedasya arthaḥ)

• kāvya-śāstra-arthāḥ: meanings of poetry and treatises
• kāvya-śāstra-arthāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāvya (प्रातिपदिक) + śāstra (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); बहुपद-षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (kāvyasya śāstrasya ca arthāḥ)

• vidyā-śilpāni: sciences and arts
• vidyā-śilpāni: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidyā (प्रातिपदिक) + śilpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); द्वन्द्वः

• aśeṣataḥ: entirely, without remainder
• aśeṣataḥ: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: aśeṣatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Distraction by scholarship
• Prātibha (flash-knowledge)
• Ego inflation risk

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Learning can become a refined temptation: sudden interpretive brilliance and encyclopedic skill may inflate identity and pull attention outward, away from samādhi.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic yoga psychology; not pancalakṣaṇa narrative content.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Kaṭukodaya’ suggests an abrupt surge of cognitive power. Esoterically, it is the mind appropriating subtle clarity (sattva) as ‘mine,’ turning illumination into bondage.