Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 32, Shloka 16
Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid
न लभेद्यत्र गौस्तृप्तिं नक्तं यच्चाप्युपाहृतम् ।
यन्न सर्वापचोत्सृष्टं यच्चाभोज्यं निपानजम् ॥
na labhed yatra gaus-tṛptiṃ naktaṃ yac cāpy upāhṛtam / yan na sarvā-paco'tsṛṣṭaṃ yac cābhojyaṃ nipānajam
जिस जल से गौ तृप्त न हो (संतोष से न पीए), वह जल उपयोग में न लाएँ; न रात्रि में लाया हुआ जल; न ‘पूर्ण/कुशल पाचक’ द्वारा ठीक से छोड़ा/शुद्ध न किया गया जल; और न ही पीने के हौद/पात्र का अनुपेय जल।
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FAQs
Purity is validated by practical signs: if even a cow avoids it, humans should not offer it in sacred rites. The verse also discourages careless procurement (night fetching) and unclean communal sources.
Dharma/ācāra guidance (ritual procedure), outside the pancalakṣaṇa core.
The ‘cow test’ makes nature a witness to purity. The Pitṛ-offering is ideally aligned with ṛta (order); unsuitable water symbolizes disorder entering the rite.