Shloka 8

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

तमन्वधावद्वेगेन तुरगोऽसौ मनोजवः ।

चोदितो राजपुत्रेण पितुरादेशकारिणा ॥

Transliteration

tamanvadhāvadvegena turago 'sau manojavaḥ / codito rājaputreṇa piturādeśakāriṇā

Translation

तत्पश्चात मन के समान वेगवान वह घोड़ा, पिता की आज्ञा का पालन करते हुए राजकुमार द्वारा प्रेरित होकर, वेग से उसके पीछे दौड़ा।

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अन्वधावत्: ran after
• अन्वधावत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + धाव् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• वेगेन: with speed
• वेगेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• तुरगः: the horse
• तुरगः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन

• असौ: that (one)
• असौ: Apposition (सम्बोधन/निर्देश)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असद्/अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (deictic)

• मनोजवः: swift as thought
• मनोजवः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मनस् + जव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—मनसः इव जवः यस्य (speed like the mind)

• चोदितः: urged
• चोदितः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चुद् (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त (PPP) ‘urged/impelled’

• राजपुत्रेण: by the prince
• राजपुत्रेण: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन; समासः—राज्ञः पुत्रः (king’s son)

• पितुरादेशकारिणा: who carried out his father’s command
• पितुरादेशकारिणा: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितृ + आदेश + कारिन् (कृ धातु-निष्पन्न प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—पितुः आदेशं करोति इति (one who carries out father’s command)

Speakers

• Narratorial (frame-speaker not identifiable from input alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Obedience to father
• Speed and pursuit
• Kshatriya duty

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The prince’s identity is framed by obedience (pitṛ-ājñā): dharma is not abstract here but enacted as filial duty, even when it propels one into unknown and risky terrain.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Again, narrative episode; its function is to move the plot that may later serve vaṃśānucarita (deeds of royal lines) rather than cosmological categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Swift as thought’ (manojava) can hint that the descent to come is as much psychological as geographical—pursuit powered by the mind’s momentum.