Shloka 4

Adhyaya 21 — Householder's Dharma

Sanskrit

ततस्तं गालवं विप्रं सन्ध्योपासनतत्परम् ।

शौकरं रूपमास्थाय प्रधर्षयितुमागतम् ॥

Transliteration

tatas taṃ gālavaṃ vipraṃ sandhyopāsanatatparam | śaukaraṃ rūpam āsthāya pradharṣayitum āgatam ||

Translation

तब वह वराह का रूप धारण करके संध्या-उपासना में तत्पर ब्राह्मण गालव को पीड़ित करने के लिए आ पहुँचा।

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; temporal adverb (ततः=then)

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• gālavam: Gālava
• gālavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gālava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; apposition to vipram

• vipram: the Brahmin
• vipram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• sandhyopāsanatatparam: intent on twilight worship
• sandhyopāsanatatparam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sandhyā-upāsana-tatpara (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying vipram/gālavam

• śaukaram: boar-like
• śaukaram: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śaukara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; qualifying rūpam

• rūpam: form
• rūpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• āsthāya: having assumed
• āsthāya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय); ‘having assumed/taken’

• pradharṣayitum: to attack
• pradharṣayitum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√dhṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्); ‘to assault/violate’

• āgatam: having come
• āgatam: Karma (कर्म; participial qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifying the implied agent (demon) as ‘come’

Speakers

• The two sons narrating to their father

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Disruption of daily rites (sandhyā)
• Protection of brahminical practice
• Demonic shapeshifting

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Interrupting sandhyā symbolizes attacking the very rhythm that sustains dharma. The narrative frames defense of daily worship not as private piety alone, but as a public good worthy of protection.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita—an episode illustrating the safeguarding of dharma through the hero’s action.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sandhyā is a 'junction' practice (inner transition). The boar-form can symbolize coarse, instinctive forces attempting to overpower subtle discipline at liminal times.