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Mahabharata 3.201.123Vana Parva, Adhyaya 201, Shloka 123

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

जो जीविकाके लिये राँधा हुआ अन्नका दान करता है, वह स्वर्गलोकमें प्रतिष्ठित होता है। जो आश्रयकी खोज करनेवाले राहगीर-अतिथिको ठहरनेके लिये जगह दे वह सम्पूर्ण यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान पूर्ण कर लेता है ।।

yo jīvikāyai rāddham annasya dānaṃ karoti sa svargaloke pratiṣṭhito bhavati | ya āśrayasya khojane vartamānaṃ rāhagiṇam atithiṃ sthātum sthānaṃ dadāti sa sarvayajñānām anuṣṭhānaṃ pūrayati || pratisrotaḥ-śīrṇa-vāhāḥ parjanyo 'nnānusañcaran | mahādhuri yathā nāvā mahāpāpaiḥ pramucyate ||

मार्कण्डेय बोले— जो जीविका के लिये पकाया हुआ अन्न दान करता है, वह स्वर्गलोक में प्रतिष्ठित होता है। और जो आश्रय की खोज में आए पथिक-अतिथि को ठहरने का स्थान देता है, वह मानो समस्त यज्ञों का अनुष्ठान पूर्ण कर लेता है। जैसे भारी बोझ से लदी नाव भी प्रतिकूल धारा के विरुद्ध आगे बढ़ जाती है, वैसे ही ऐसा पुरुष अतिथ्य और अन्नदान के पुण्यबल से महान पापों से मुक्त हो जाता है॥

प्रतिस्रोतःthe counter-current / upstream flow
प्रतिस्रोतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिस्रोतस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शीतलवाहःone whose flow is cool (i.e., cool-breezed/wind-like)
शीतलवाहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशीतलवाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्जन्यःrain-cloud / rain-god
पर्जन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उन्नानुupwards and along / in an upward course (adverbial)
उन्नानु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउन्नानु
संचरन्moving about / proceeding
संचरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसंचर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
महाधुरिin a great burden / in a heavy load (situation)
महाधुरि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाधुरि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
यथाas / just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नावाa boat
नावा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
महापापैःby great sins
महापापैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहापाप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
प्रमुच्यतेis freed / is released
प्रमुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मुच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
S
Svarga (heaven)
A
Atithi (guest/traveler)
N
Nāva (boat)

Educational Q&A

Feeding others with prepared food and giving shelter to a traveler-guest are presented as supreme acts of dharma: they yield heavenly merit, are equivalent to completing all sacrifices, and have the power to cleanse even grave sins.

Mārkaṇḍeya instructs the listener through ethical praise and a vivid simile: like a heavily loaded boat that can still move even against the current, the merit of hospitality and food-giving carries a person beyond obstacles and releases them from great wrongdoing.

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