Sutra 4

Devanagari script

पथिप्रमाणं दुर्गनिवेशे व्याख्यातम् ॥ कZ_०३.१०.०४ ॥

Transliteration

pathipramāṇaṃ durganiveśe vyākhyātam

Translation

मार्गों का मान-प्रमाण दुर्ग-निवेश (किले की स्थापना) के प्रकरण में बताया गया है।

Word by Word

• पथि: on/along the road; in the route
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथ्
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); अधिकरणे सप्तमी

• प्रमाणम्: measure; standard (prescribed measurement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमा (√मा)
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः); कर्तृ/विषय-रूपेण

• दुर्गनिवेशे: in the establishment/layout of a fort
• Type: Noun
• Root: निवेश (नि+√विश्)
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); अधिकरणे सप्तमी

• व्याख्यातम्: has been explained; has been set forth
• Type: Verb (PPP)
• Root: वि+आ+√ख्या
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (भूतकर्मणि/कर्मणि प्रयोगः); प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गः)

Entities Mentioned

• state engineers/planners
• fort/urban planners

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kautilya use cross-references like this?

To avoid repetition and keep technical standards centralized, ensuring consistent application across administrative domains.