Sutra 3

Devanagari script

स्वाम्यभावे ग्रामाः पुण्यशीला वा प्रतिकुर्युः ॥ कZ_०३.१०.०३ ॥

Transliteration

svāmyabhāve grāmāḥ puṇyaśīlā vā pratikuryuḥ

Translation

स्वामी के अभाव में ग्राम (समुदाय) या पुण्यशील/धर्मपरायण व्यक्ति प्रतिकर-कर्तव्य (रख-रखाव/मरम्मत/क्षतिपूर्ति) करें।

Word by Word

• स्वामि-अभावे: in the absence of the master/overlord (owner/king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वामिन्; अभाव
• Form: स्वामि (पुं) षष्ठी-एकवचन + अभाव (पुं) सप्तमी-एकवचन; समस्तपदम्: स्वाम्यभावे = स्वामिनः अभावे

• ग्रामाः: villages / village communities
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• पुण्य-शीला: of virtuous conduct / pious in character
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य; शील
• Form: समास: पुण्यं शीलं येषाम् (बहुव्रीह्यर्थेऽपि प्रयोगः सम्भवति); प्रथमा-बहुवचन (ग्रामाः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• प्रतिकुर्युः: should act in response / should take counter-measures / should make arrangements
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: प्रति-; धातु: कृ (करोति)

Entities Mentioned

• village communities
• charitable patrons

More Details

FAQs

What governance mechanism is used when ownership is absent?

Collective responsibility: the village community (or voluntary patrons) becomes the default maintainer to prevent infrastructure decay.