Rig Veda 9.3.1: Mandala 9, Sukta 3, Mantra 1

Sukta 9.3

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (the self-purifying Soma)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एष देवो अमर्त्यः पर्णवीरिव दीयति । अभि द्रोणान्यासदम् ॥

Transliteration

eṣá devó ámartyaḥ parṇavī́r iva dīyati | abhí dróṇāny ā́sadam ||

Translation

એ દેવ—અમર્ત્ય શક્તિ—આ છે; પાંખવાળા સમો વેગે દોડે છે; દ્રોણો (વાટ) તરફ, આસદ (બેસાડવાના/સ્થિર થવાના સ્થાન) તરફ આગળ ધપે છે.

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Word by Word

• एषः: this (one), he
• एषः: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Pronoun (Demonstrative)
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → एष-

• देवः: god; the divine one
• देवः: Kartā (कर्ता) (apposition to एषः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमर्त्यः: immortal
• अमर्त्यः: Kartā (कर्ता) (qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समासः)

• पर्णवीरिव: like a pṛṇavīri (leaf-/wing-like [swift] one); like a bird (simile)
• पर्णवीरिव: Karaṇa (करण) (manner/comparison: ‘like …’)
• Type: Indeclinable (comparative particle with nominal base)
• Root: पर्णवीरि (प्रातिपदिक) + इव (अव्यय)

• दीयति: flows; is set in motion; is poured
• दीयति: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दी / दा (धातु; ‘to flow, run, be poured’—Soma-usage)

• अभि: towards; onto
• अभि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / direction-marker
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• द्रोणान्य: (wooden) troughs/vats; Soma-vessels
• द्रोणान्य: Karma (कर्म) (goal of motion with अभि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण (प्रातिपदिक) + -अनि (नपुंसक-बहुवचन-रूपम्) → द्रोणानि

• आसदम्: to a seat/settling-place; for approaching/settling
• आसदम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (manner/goal phrase with अभि)
• Type: Kṛdanta (verbal noun/adverbial accusative)
• Root: आ-सद् (धातु ‘to sit/settle/approach’) → आसद (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)