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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 41, Shloka 15

अयोध्यायाः शोकप्रकम्पः

Ayodhya’s Tremor of Grief and Omens

अकस्मान्नागरस्सर्वो जनो दैन्यमुपागमत्।आहारे वा विहारे वा न कश्चिदकरोन्मनः।।2.41.15।।

akasmān nāgaraḥ sarvo jano dainyam upāgamat | āhāre vā vihāre vā na kaścid akarod manaḥ || 2.41.15 ||

અચાનક સમગ્ર નગરજન દુઃખમાં ડૂબી ગયો; આહાર હોય કે વિહાર—કોઈનું મન કશામાં લાગ્યું નહીં.

akasmātsuddenly
akasmāt:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootakasmāt (अव्यय)
Formकाल/आकस्मिकतार्थक-अव्यय (adverb: suddenly)
nāgaraḥcity-dwelling
nāgaraḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootnāgara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); जनः इति विशेषणम्
sarvaḥall
sarvaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); जनः इति विशेषणम्
janaḥthe people
janaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); सामूहिक-एकवचन (collective singular)
dainyammisery/dejection
dainyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdainya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
upāgamatcame to/entered
upāgamat:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + √gam (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular); उपसर्ग: उप- (upa-)
āhārein eating/food
āhāre:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootāhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive: or/either)
vihārein recreation
vihāre:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvihāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
kaścitanyone
kaścit:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkaścid (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); अनिश्चितार्थक-सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun)
akaronmade/did
akaron:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
manaḥmind (inclination)
manaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmanas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

All of a sudden the people of the city became miserable. No one was interested in eating and enjoying (life).

A
Ayodhya (implied by context)
C
citizens (nāgarāḥ)

FAQs

The people’s grief reflects a dharmic bond between ruler and subjects: when a virtuous protector is removed, society experiences moral and emotional distress, underscoring the duty of leadership to uphold collective welfare.

Ayodhya’s citizens, hearing/realizing Rama has gone to exile, lose interest in ordinary life such as eating and recreation.

Rama’s belovedness and perceived protectiveness—his presence had given the people security and joy.