Shloka 77

Episode of Vena: The Power of Association and Revā (Narmadā) Tīrtha

Devanagari script

तत्र दृष्ट्वा देवराजं तमिंद्रं पाकशासनम् । अप्सरसां गणैर्युक्तं गंधर्वैः किन्नरैस्तथा

Transliteration

tatra dṛṣṭvā devarājaṃ tamiṃdraṃ pākaśāsanam | apsarasāṃ gaṇairyuktaṃ gaṃdharvaiḥ kinnaraistathā

Translation

ત્યાં તેણે દેવરાજ, પાકશાસન ઇન્દ્રને જોયો—જે અપ્સરાઓના ગણોથી યુક્ત હતો અને ગંધર્વો તથા કિન્નરો દ્વારા પણ પરિભ્રમિત હતો।

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Desha-adhikarana (Locative adjunct/देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट्वा (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive)

• देवराजम्: the king of the gods
• देवराजम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (देवानां राजा)

• तम्: that (him)
• तम्: Karma (Object determiner/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: Karma (Apposition/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पाक-शासनम्: the chastiser of Pāka
• पाक-शासनम्: Karma (Apposition/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाक (प्रातिपदिक) + शासन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पाकस्य शासनः = who chastises Pāka)

• अप्सरसाम्: of the apsarases
• अप्सरसाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्सरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• गणैः: with groups
• गणैः: Karana (Instrument/association/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• युक्तम्: joined/attended (by)
• युक्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु) → युक्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (इन्द्रम्)

• गन्धर्वैः: with gandharvas
• गन्धर्वैः: Karana (Association/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• किन्नरैः: with kinnaras
• किन्नरैः: Karana (Association/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किन्नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तथा: and also
• तथा: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (also/likewise)

Speaker

Narrator (context not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shringara

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: तमिंद्रं → तम् इन्द्रम् (अनुस्वार-सन्धि/संयोग); गणैर्युक्तं → गणैः युक्तम् (विसर्ग-लोप); गंधर्वैः → गन्धर्वैः; किन्नरैस्तथा → किन्नरैः तथा (विसर्ग-लोप)

Characters & Entities

• Indra
• Pāka
• Apsarases
• Gandharvas
• Kinnaras

FAQs

Who is referred to as “Pākaśāsana” in this verse?

“Pākaśāsana” is an epithet of Indra, meaning “the chastiser/punisher of Pāka,” recalling Indra’s victory over the asura (demon) named Pāka.

What do Apsarases, Gandharvas, and Kinnaras signify in Purāṇic descriptions?

They represent the celestial retinue of Devaloka: Apsarases as heavenly dancers, Gandharvas as divine musicians, and Kinnaras as semi-divine beings often associated with music and praise—marking a scene of royal splendor around Indra.

What is the main narrative function of this verse?

It sets a vivid scene by identifying Indra and his celestial entourage, emphasizing divine kingship and the grandeur of the heavenly court before the narrative proceeds to the next event or dialogue.