Kṛṣṇādi-mantra-varga-varṇana
Classification of Krishna and Related Mantras
कृष्णेति द्व्यक्षरः प्रोक्तः कामादिः स्यात्त्रिवर्णकः । सैव ङेंतो युगार्णः स्यात्कृष्णाय नम इत्यपि ॥ ८९ ॥
kṛṣṇeti dvyakṣaraḥ proktaḥ kāmādiḥ syāttrivarṇakaḥ | saiva ṅeṃto yugārṇaḥ syātkṛṣṇāya nama ityapi || 89 ||
‘કૃષ્ણ’ નામ દ્વ્યક્ષર કહેવાયું છે. ‘કામ’થી શરૂ થતું બીજ ત્રિવર્ણક છે. એ જ દત્તિવાચક (ઙે-અંત) બની ‘કૃષ્ણાય નમઃ’—આ દ્વિપદ મંત્ર પણ થાય છે.
Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada on mantra/phonetics within Vedanga-Vyakarana framing)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: bhakti
It presents devotion in a technically precise way: the sacred name “Kṛṣṇa” and the salutation formula “kṛṣṇāya namaḥ” are treated as mantras whose power is preserved through correct phonetic and grammatical formation.
Bhakti here is expressed as nāma-japa and namaskāra—addressing the Lord directly in the dative (“unto Kṛṣṇa”) and offering reverent surrender (“namaḥ”), showing devotion grounded in proper mantra usage.
Vyākaraṇa and mantra-śāstra: it notes syllable/phoneme counting (akṣara/varṇa) and the use of the dative case ending (ṅe-ending, -āya) in forming a correct devotional mantra.