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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 78, Shloka 16

Adhyaya 78 — Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

Sanskrit

यत्तस्य ऋङ्मयṃ तेजो भविता तेन मेदिनी ।

यजुर्मयेनापि दिवं स्वर्गः साममयṃ रवॆः ॥

Transliteration

yat tasya ṛṅ-mayaṃ tejo bhavitā tena medinī | yajur-mayenāpi divaṃ svargaḥ sāma-mayaṃ raveḥ ||

Translation

તેનું જે તેજ ઋક્-સ્વભાવનું હતું તે પૃથ્વી બન્યું. જે યજુઃ-સ્વભાવનું હતું તેનાથી દ્યુલોક (સ્વર્ગ) બન્યો; અને જે સામ-સ્વભાવનું હતું તે સૂર્ય બન્યો.

Word by Word
यत्that which
यत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन
ऋक्-मयम्Ṛgvedic / made of Ṛg
ऋक्-मयम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋक् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘ऋग्’ + ‘मय’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (to तेजः)
तेजःradiance
तेजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भविताwill become
भविता:
Kriya (क्रिया/भविष्यदर्थ)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formतृच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (agent noun/future sense: ‘one that will be’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; here used as भविष्यत्-भाव (will become)
तेनby that / through that
तेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), एकवचन
मेदिनीthe earth
मेदिनी:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमेदिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
यजुः-मयेनby/with the Yajurvedic (one)
यजुः-मयेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयजुस् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘यजुस्’ + ‘मय’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; here instrumental as qualifier (‘with/by the Yajur-made [radiance]’)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-निपात (particle: ‘also/even’)
दिवम्heaven / the sky
दिवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (द्यौः; here ‘divam’ as acc sg), द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्वर्गःSvarga (heaven)
स्वर्गः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; appositional/subject in second clause
साम-मयम्Sāma-made / Sāmavedic
साम-मयम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसामन् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (constitutive): ‘सामन्’ + ‘मय’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; (elliptically qualifying a neuter like तेजः)
रवेःof the Sun
रवेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
Speakers
Markandeya (narrator)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities
Devi (Supreme Goddess)Sun (Ravi)
Shakti Aspects
Devi’s (or the supreme tejas’s) Vedic partitioning into cosmos
Key Themes
CosmologyVedic correspondencesShaktismSacralization of cosmos

FAQs

The cosmos is interpreted as structured by sacred order (Veda). This supports a dharmic worldview where nature and ritual correspond, encouraging reverence for earth, sky, and sun as sacred manifestations.

Sarga: an account of cosmic formation via the distribution of primordial power into worlds and luminaries.

The mapping of Ṛg/Yajus/Sāman onto earth/heaven/sun encodes a triadic cosmology: speech-hymn (Ṛg), sacrificial action (Yajus), and melodic resonance (Sāman) as three modes of reality.

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