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Agni Purana — Yoga & Brahma-vidya, Shloka 4

Chapter 369 — शरीरावयवाः

The Limbs/Organs and Constituents of the Body

आत्माव्यक्तश् चतुर्विंशतत्त्वानि पुरुषः परः संयुक्तश् च वियुक्तश् च यथा मत्स्योदके उभे

ātmāvyaktaś caturviṃśatattvāni puruṣaḥ paraḥ saṃyuktaś ca viyuktaś ca yathā matsyodake ubhe

આત્મા અને અવ્યક્ત (પ્રકૃતિ), ચોવીસ તત્ત્વો તથા પરમ પુરુષ—એમને સંયુક્ત પણ કહેવાય અને વિયુક્ત પણ; જેમ માછલી અને પાણી, સાથે રહીને પણ ભિન્ન।

ātmāSelf
ātmā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
avyaktaḥunmanifest
avyaktaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota-vyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ātmā
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
caturviṃśati-tattvānithe twenty-four principles
caturviṃśati-tattvāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootcaturviṃśati (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक) + tattva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); dvigu-samāsa
puruṣaḥthe Person / Purusha
puruṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
paraḥsupreme
paraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying puruṣaḥ
saṃyuktaḥjoined / associated
saṃyuktaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-√yuj (धातु) → saṃyukta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
viyuktaḥseparated / disjoined
viyuktaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-√yuj (धातु) → viyukta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
yathāas / just as
yathā:
Sambandha (उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (उपमा/यथार्थक अव्यय)
matsya-udakein water (for a fish)
matsya-udake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmatsya (प्रातिपदिक) + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन); saptamī-tatpuruṣa: matsyasya udake / matsyānām udake (contextual)
ubheboth (states)
ubhe:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootubha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDual (द्विवचन), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया); common-gender form used for ‘both’ (उभयार्थक)

Lord Agni (narrating to Sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Philosophy","secondary_vidya":"Cosmology","practical_application":"Discriminative insight into Purusha–Prakriti relation and tattva framework; supports non-identification with prakritic modifications while acknowledging empirical conjunction.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Description","entry_title":"Purusha–Prakṛti and 24 Tattvas: Conjoined/Disjoined (Fish–Water Analogy)","lookup_keywords":["avyakta","caturviṃśati tattva","puruṣa para","saṃyukta-viyukta","matsya-udaka dṛṣṭānta"],"quick_summary":"States the Self, the Unmanifest, the 24 principles, and the Supreme Person as both conjoined and distinct—like fish and water. Teaches simultaneous intimacy (experience) and separateness (essence) for liberation-oriented discernment."}

Alamkara Type: Dṛṣṭānta

Concept: Purusha is distinct from Prakriti and tattvas, yet appears conjoined in lived experience; liberation arises from recognizing distinction without denying empirical conjunction.

Application: In meditation, observe thoughts/sensations as ‘water’ (prakriti/tattvas) and awareness as ‘fish’ (purusha): present within, yet not reducible to, the medium.

Khanda Section: Sankhya–Vedanta (Tattva-nirupana / Purusha-Prakriti-viveka)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A fish moving in clear water, symbolizing Purusha within Prakriti—together in appearance yet distinct in nature; alongside a subtle diagram of 24 tattvas emanating from avyakta.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: stylized lotus-pond with a luminous fish (Purusha) in deep blue water (Prakriti), surrounding circular icons for 24 tattvas, traditional borders, symbolic rather than naturalistic.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: central golden fish with halo over a blue enamel-like water field, embossed gold medallions listing 24 tattvas, ornate frame, devotional-metaphysical iconography.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: gentle instructional scene—sage points to a pond with fish-water analogy; side panel shows a neat tattva tree from avyakta to elements; fine linework and soft colors.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature: naturalistic fish in a garden tank, philosopher explaining to a patron; marginalia with a small tattva chart; intricate flora and architectural pavilion."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"contemplative"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: ātmāvyaktaḥ = ātmā + avyaktaḥ; caturviṃśatattvāni = caturviṃśati + tattvāni; matsyodake = matsya + udake.

Related Themes: Agni Purana: Sāṅkhya–Vedānta reconciliation passages; Agni Purana: Mokṣa-dharma sections on viveka and puruṣa-jñāna

A
Atman
A
Avyakta (Prakriti)
P
Puruṣa
S
Sāṅkhya tattvas

FAQs

It imparts Sāṅkhya-tattva vidyā: how the Self/Puruṣa and Prakṛti (the Unmanifest) relate to the twenty-four tattvas—associated in lived experience yet distinct in their true nature.

It shows the Agni Purana functioning as a compendium by incorporating classical Sāṅkhya metaphysics (24 tattvas, Puruṣa–Prakṛti analysis) alongside its many other domains like ritual, polity, medicine, and arts.

The teaching supports viveka (discriminative insight): realizing the Self’s distinctness from prakṛtic evolutes weakens bondage to guṇas and aids liberation-oriented understanding.