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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 31

प्रथमं धर्मसर्वस्वं प्रोक्ता यन्नियमा यमाः । अतस्तेष्वेव वै यत्नः कर्तव्यो धर्ममिच्छता

prathamaṃ dharmasarvasvaṃ proktā yanniyamā yamāḥ | atasteṣveva vai yatnaḥ kartavyo dharmamicchatā

D’abord et avant tout—l’essence même du dharma—sont enseignés les yama et les niyama. Ainsi, celui qui désire le dharma doit s’y appliquer avec effort.

प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverbial)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbially: ‘firstly’)
धर्मसर्वस्वम्the entire essence of dharma
धर्मसर्वस्वम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + सर्वस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; समास: धर्मस्य सर्वस्वम् (the whole essence/wealth of dharma)
प्रोक्ताःhave been declared
प्रोक्ताः:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Predicate participle of ‘yamāḥ’)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+√वच् (धातु)
Formभूतकाले क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
यत्which
यत्:
Sambandha (Relative)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
नियमाःobservances (niyamas)
नियमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनियम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
यमाःrestraints (yamas)
यमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
अतःtherefore
अतः:
Hetu (Reason/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अव्यय)
Formहेतुतः/तस्मात्-अर्थे अव्यय (therefore)
तेषुin them
तेषु:
Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphasis)
वैsurely
वै:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक/खल्वर्थक अव्यय (particle)
यत्नःeffort
यत्नः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
कर्तव्यःmust be done
कर्तव्यः:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Predicate adjective of ‘yatnaḥ’)
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य (प्रातिपदिक; √कृ धातु, तव्यत् gerundive)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कृदन्त: तव्यत् (to be done)
धर्मम्dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
इच्छताby one desiring
इच्छता:
Karta (Agent in instrumental/कर्ता-निर्देश)
TypeVerb
Root√इष्/इच्छ् (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘इच्छता’ = ‘by one who desires’

Skanda

Tirtha: Kāśī

Type: kshetra

Scene: A teacher-sage on a Kāśī ghat instructs a group of pilgrims, pointing to a palm-leaf list titled ‘Yama–Niyama’; behind them rises the Viśvanātha temple spire, suggesting discipline as the gateway to sacred experience.

Y
Yama
N
Niyama

FAQs

Ethical restraints and observances are presented as the starting point and substance of dharma.

No single site is named; the verse is part of Kāśī Khaṇḍa’s dharma instruction, supporting the sanctity of life in Kāśī.

A discipline-prescription is stated: cultivate yamas and niyamas as the primary dharmic practice.