Rig Veda 8.3.12: Mandala 8, Sukta 3, Mantra 12

Sukta 8.3

Rishi: Kāṇva tradition (probable)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

शग्धी नो अस्य यद्ध पौरमाविथ धिय इन्द्र सिषासतः । शग्धि यथा रुशमं श्यावकं कृपमिन्द्र प्रावः स्वर्णरम् ॥

Transliteration

śagdhī no asyá yád dha paurám ā́vitha dhíya indra sisāsatáḥ | śagdhí yáthā rúśamaṃ śyā́vakaṃ kṛ́pam índra prá ā́vaḥ svàrṇaram ||

Translation

Sois capable pour nous en ceci : car tu as secouru, ô Indra, les inspirations ancestrales (paura) lorsqu’elles s’efforçaient de conquérir. Sois capable maintenant, comme jadis tu soutins avec puissance Ruśama, Śyāvaka et Kṛpa — ô Indra qui conduis vers la lumière, svar-nara.

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Word by Word

• शग्धी: be able; help; grant (us)
• शग्धी: (predicate) — request to the deity
• Type: Verb
• Root: शक् (śak) / Vedic: śagdhī < *śak-dhī

• नः: to us / for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (asmad)

• अस्य: of this
• अस्य: Sambandha (genitival relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (idam)

• यत्: what; that which
• यत्: Karma (of ‘avitha’ / ‘prāvaḥ’ in relative clause)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (yad)

• ह: indeed; surely
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (particle)

• पौरम्: the fort-like (aid); the ‘citadel’ (help)
• पौरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पौर (paura) < पुर (pura) ‘city/fort’

• आविथ: you have helped; you have protected
• आविथ: (predicate) — action of Indra
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव् (av) ‘to help, protect’

• धियः: prayers; thoughts
• धियः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धी (dhī) ‘thought, prayer, insight’

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambोधन
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (indra)

• सिषासत॒ः: of (one) wishing to impel/urge (you); eager (to win)
• सिषासत॒ः: Sambandha
• Type: Verb (participial)
• Root: शास् (śās) ‘to instruct/impel’ → desiderative stem सिषास- (siṣāsa-)

• शग्धि: help; be able (to aid)
• शग्धि: (predicate) — renewed request
• Type: Verb
• Root: शक् (śak) / Vedic: śagdhí

• यथा: as; just as
• यथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (yathā)

• रुशम्: Ruśa (the bright one)
• रुशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (as name)
• Root: रुश (ruśa) ‘bright, shining; (name/epithet)’

• श्यावकम्: Śyāvaka
• श्यावकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (as name)
• Root: श्यावक (śyāvaka) ‘dark/greyish; (name/epithet)’

• कृपम्: Kṛpa
• कृपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (as name)
• Root: कृप (kṛpa) ‘poor, pitiable; (name/epithet)’

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambोधन
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (indra)

• प्रावः: you did protect; you did help forward
• प्रावः: (predicate) — action of Indra
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव् (av) with preverb प्र- (pra-ava) ‘to further/protect, aid’

• स्वर्णरम्: Svarṇara
• स्वर्णरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective (as name)
• Root: स्वर्णर (svarṇara) ‘bringing light/wealth; shining man’ (epithet/name)