Rig Veda 7.95.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 95, Mantra 1

Sukta 7.95

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 7.95 Sarasvatī hymn)

Devata: Sarasvatī

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 7.95.1; confirm by syllable count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र क्षोदसा धायसा सस्र एषा सरस्वती धरुणमायसी पूः । प्रबाबधाना रथ्येव याति विश्वा अपो महिना सिन्धुरन्याः ॥

Transliteration

prá kṣódasā dhā́yasā sasra eṣā́ sárasvatī dharuṇám ā́yasī pū́ḥ | prá-bābadhānā rathyèva yāti víśvā apó mahinā́ síndhur anyā́ḥ ||

Translation

En avant elle se précipite, par force d’impulsion et puissance de soutien — cette Sarasvatī, plénitude aux assises de fer ; pressant sa course comme un char sur sa voie, par sa grandeur elle surpasse toutes les autres eaux.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• क्षोदसा: with/through (her) impelling force
• क्षोदसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षोदस् (prātipadika; from √क्षुद्/क्षोद् ‘to pound, impel’)

• धायसा: with (her) sustaining/nourishing power
• धायसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धायस् (prātipadika; ‘nourishing power/strength’)

• सस्रे: has flowed, has run
• सस्रे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृ (सरति ‘to flow, run’)

• एषा: this (she)
• एषा: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एष (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• सरस्वती: Sarasvatī
• सरस्वती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरस्वती (proper noun/prātipadika)

• धरुणम्: support, firm base
• धरुणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धरुण (prātipadika; ‘support, foundation’)

• आयसी: metallic, iron(-strong)
• आयसी: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आयस (prātipadika; ‘of metal/iron’)

• पूः: a stronghold, fortification
• पूः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूः (prātipadika; ‘fortified place, stronghold, rampart’)

• प्र: forth
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• बाबधाना: pressing on, forcing (her way), impelling
• बाबधाना: Kartā
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √बन्ध्/बध् (Vedic; ‘to bind, press, constrain’; reduplicated present participle)

• रथ्येव: like a chariot(-road)/like (one on) a chariot-path
• रथ्येव: —
• Type: Noun + Indeclinable
• Root: रथ्य (prātipadika) + इव (indecl.)

• याति: goes, moves
• याति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति ‘to go’)

• विश्वाः: all
• विश्वाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• अपः: waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्/आप् (prātipadika; ‘water’)

• महिना: by (her) might
• महिना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिमन्/महिना (prātipadika; ‘greatness, might’)

• सिन्धुः: the river, the Sindhu (stream)
• सिन्धुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (prātipadika)

• अन्याः: of the other (river[s])
• अन्याः: —
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: अन्य (prātipadika)