Rig Veda 7.77.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 77, Mantra 1

Sukta 7.77

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Uṣas (with Agni as co-present power of kindling)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उपो रुरुचे युवतिर्न योषा विश्वं जीवं प्रसुवन्ती चरायै । अभूदग्निः समिधे मानुषाणामकर्ज्योतिर्बाधमाना तमांसि ॥

Transliteration

úpo ruruce yuvatír ná yoṣā́ víśvaṃ jīváṃ pra-suvántī carā́yai | abhūd agníḥ samídhe mā́nuṣāṇām ákar jyótir bā́dhamānā támāṃsi ||

Translation

Uṣas a resplendi telle une jeune femme, poussant tout ce qui vit à s’élancer en avant, à la marche. Agni advient pour l’allumage chez les humains; il fait la lumière, repoussant les ténèbres.

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Word by Word

• उपो: up, forth, near (as preverb: ‘up/into view’)
• उपो: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• रुरुचे: has shone, shone forth
• रुरुचे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुच् (दीप्तौ)

• युवतिः: the young woman
• युवतिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवति- (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा/निपात)

• योषा: a maiden, young woman
• योषा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• विश्वम्: all, the whole
• विश्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व- (प्रातिपदिक)

• जीवम्: living, alive
• जीवम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जीव- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रसुवन्ती: bringing forth, producing
• प्रसुवन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्र + सू (प्रसवे/जनने)

• चरायै: for roaming/moving about (for activity)
• चरायै: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: चर- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘चर’ = moving/going; also ‘चर्या’)

• अभूत्: became, came to be
• अभूत्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (सत्तायाम्)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• समिधे: for kindling, for fuel (to be kindled)
• समिधे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: समिध्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘kindling, fuel’)

• मानुषाणाम्: of men, of mortals
• मानुषाणाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अकः: made
• अकः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (करणे) [Vedic aorist stem अक-]

• ज्योतिः: light
• ज्योतिः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• बाधमानः: thrusting away, repelling
• बाधमानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: बाध् (पीडने/निवारणे) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• तमांसि: darknesses
• तमांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)