Rig Veda 4.6.7: Mandala 4, Sukta 6, Mantra 7

Sukta 4.6

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (with a comparative allusion to Mitra)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

न यस्य सातुर्जनितोरवारि न मातरापितरा नू चिदिष्टौ । अधा मित्रो न सुधितः पावकोऽग्निर्दीदाय मानुषीषु विक्षु ॥

Transliteration

ná yásya sā́tur jánitor avā́ri ná mā́tarāpitárā nú cid iṣṭáu | ádhā mitró ná su-dhítaḥ pāvakó ’gnír dīdāya mā́nuṣīṣu víkṣu ||

Translation

Nul n’a barré son élan victorieux — ni le géniteur, ni même la mère et le père dans leur acte choisi. Alors, tel Mitra solidement établi, l’Agni purifiant a resplendi parmi les lignées humaines.

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Word by Word

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सातुः: winning/aid; successful attainment
• सातुः: Kartā (as subject of implied ‘is/exists’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सातु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘साति’/‘सातु’ = gaining, winning, aid)

• जनितोः: of the begetter/producer
• जनितोः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनितृ- (प्रातिपदिक; begetter, producer)

• अवारि: was hindered/checked
• अवारि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वारयति; Vedic aorist passive/impersonal ‘was hindered/checked’)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• मातरौ: (his) two mothers
• मातरौ: Kartā (with implied ‘are/stand’ in negated clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ-

• अपितरौ: fatherless / without a father
• अपितरौ: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अ-पितृ- (नञ्-समास; ‘without a father’)

• नु: now/indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित्

• इष्टौ: in the sacrifice/rite
• इष्टौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्टि- (sacrifice, oblation; from √यज/इष् in kṛt tradition)

• अधा: then
• अधा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधा

• मित्रः: Mitra (the Friend-god)
• मित्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र-

• न: like/as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• सुधितः: well-disposed/well-kindled
• सुधितः: Viśeṣaṇa (of अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective (PPP)
• Root: सु-धि-त (ppp from √धा with सु-; ‘well-set/ well-kindled/ well-ordered’)

• पावकः: purifying
• पावकः: Viśeṣaṇa (of अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: पावक- (from √पू ‘to purify’; ‘purifying’)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि-

• दीदाय: shone forth
• दीदाय: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दी (दीदीते/दीद्यति; ‘to shine’)

• मानुषीषु: among the human (ones)
• मानुषीषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective (used substantively with ‘clans’)
• Root: मानुषी- (human, belonging to men)

• विक्षु: in the clans/settlements
• विक्षु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्- (clan, settlement; Vedic loc. pl. ‘vikṣu’)