Rig Veda 10.52.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 52, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.52

Rishi: Agni/Hotṛ voice in reflective mode

Devata: Agni (as havya-vāha), with Yama as invoked mystery-term

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अयं यो होता किरु स यमस्य कमप्यूहे यत्समञ्जन्ति देवाः । अहरहर्जायते मासिमास्यथा देवा दधिरे हव्यवाहम् ॥

Transliteration

ayáṃ yó hotā́ kíru sá yámasya kám apy ū́he yát sam-añjánti devā́ḥ | áhar-ahar jā́yate mā́si-māsi áthā devā́ dadhire havya-vā́ham ||

Translation

Ce Hotṛ — qui est-il ? Je médite même le mystère de Yama : car les Dieux l’oignent et le préparent. Jour après jour il naît, mois après mois ; ainsi les Dieux établirent Havyavāhana, le Porteur de l’offrande — toujours neuf dans la manifestation, mais un dans l’essence.

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Word by Word

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘to sacrifice/offer’ से)

• किरुः: active/skillful (Vedic epithet)
• किरुः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: किरु (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक विशेषण/नाम)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यमस्य: of Yama
• यमस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)

• कम्: whom? / someone
• कम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रश्न/अनिर्दिष्ट-सर्वनाम)

• अपि: also, even
• अपि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• ऊहे: he considers/infers
• ऊहे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऊह् (ऊहते) ‘to infer/ponder/contrive’

• यत्: that which / when
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable/Relative
• Root: यद् (सम्बन्ध-प्रातिपदिक)

• समञ्जन्ति: they prepare/fit together
• समञ्जन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अञ्ज् (अञ्जति) ‘to anoint, fit, prepare’ + सम्

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अहर्-अहः: day after day
• अहर्-अहः: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable (reduplicated adverbial) / Noun-compound
• Root: अहन्/अहर् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जायते: is born/arises
• जायते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जायते) ‘to be born, arise’

• मासि: in (each) month
• मासि: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)

• मासि: in (each) month
• मासि: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)

• अथा: then, thus
• अथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• दधिरे: they have placed/established
• दधिरे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधाते/दधिरे) ‘to place, establish’

• हव्यवाहम्: the oblation-carrier (Agni)
• हव्यवाहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: हव्य-वाह (समास; हव्य ‘oblation’ + √वह् ‘to carry’)