Rig Veda 1.72.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 72, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.72

Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional assignment for RV 1.72 within the Vaiśvāmitra collection)

Devata: Agni (as inner knower and divine mediator); also the Angirasa/ṛṣi-company as agents of the quest

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 1.72; this verse is in the Triṣṭubh cadence typical of the hymn)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

संजानाना उप सीदन्नभिज्ञु पत्नीवन्तो नमस्यं नमस्यन् । रिरिक्वांसस्तन्वः कृण्वत स्वाः सखा सख्युर्निमिषि रक्षमाणाः ॥

Transliteration

saṃ-jānānā́ upa sīdan abhí-jñu patnī́-vanto namasyáṃ namasyan | ririkvā́ṃsas tanváḥ kṛṇvata svā́ḥ sakhā́ sakhyúr nimiṣí rakṣámāṇāḥ ||

Translation

Unis dans une même intelligence, ils s’assirent tout près du Connaisseur intime ; pourvus des puissances qui leur sont comme des épouses, ils se prosternèrent devant ce qui est digne d’adoration. Se purifiant, devenant sans défaut, ils façonnèrent leurs corps selon leur forme véritable — l’ami gardant l’ami à l’instant de la vigilance intérieure.

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Word by Word

• संजानानाः: agreeing together; being of one mind
• संजानानाः: Kartā (with implied finite verb ‘सीदन्/सीदन्ति’)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: सम् + √ज्ञा (जानाति)

• उप: near; up to
• उप: — (verbal preverb with √सद्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सीदन्: sitting down; approaching
• सीदन्: Kartā (co-referential with ‘संजानानाः’)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) + उप

• अभिज्ञु: the knowing one; the recognizer (i.e., the worthy/recognized one)
• अभिज्ञु: Karma (goal/object of ‘उप-सीदन्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + √ज्ञा / प्रातिपदिक ‘अभिज्ञु’

• पत्नीवन्तः: having wives; with consorts
• पत्नीवन्तः: Kartā (same agents as above)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत्नीवत् (पत्नी + वत्)

• नमस्यम्: the one to be worshipped; venerable
• नमस्यम्: Karma (object of ‘नमस्यन्’)
• Type: Adjective (gerundive-like) / Noun-adj
• Root: नमस्य (from √नम् ‘to bow’) / ‘नमस्य’ prātipadika

• नमस्यन्: worshipping; bowing to
• नमस्यन्: Kartā (same agents)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √नम् (नमति) → नमस्यति (denom.)

• रिरिक्वांसः: having left/abandoned (evil); purified/emptied (of fault)
• रिरिक्वांसः: Kartā (same agents; descriptive epithet)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √रिच्/√रिक् (to empty/leave) → रिरिक्वांस् (perf. act. ptcp.)

• तन्वः: bodies; persons
• तन्वः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू (स्त्री.)

• कृण्वत: making; fashioning
• कृण्वत: Kartā (same agents)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √कृ (करोति)

• स्वाः: their own
• स्वाः: Karma (qualifier of ‘तन्वः’)
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: स्व (pronominal adj.)

• सखा: a friend
• सखा: Kartā (of the following participle ‘रक्षमाणाः’ in sense: ‘as a friend…’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सख्युः: of (his) friend
• सख्युः: Sambandha (genitive relation with ‘सखा’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• निमिषि: in a moment; at the wink (of an eye)
• निमिषि: Adhikaraṇa (locative: time/occasion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमिष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wink/instant’)

• रक्षमाणाः: protecting; guarding
• रक्षमाणाः: Kartā (same agents; ‘protecting…’)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √रक्ष् (रक्षति)