Rig Veda 1.124.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 124, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.124

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa

Devata: Uṣas

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उपो अदर्शि शुन्ध्युवो न वक्षो नोधा इवाविरकृत प्रियाणि । अद्मसन्न ससतो बोधयन्ती शश्वत्तमागात्पुनरेयुषीणाम् ॥

Transliteration

úpó adarśi śundhyúvo ná vákṣo nodhā́ iva āvír akṛta priyā́ṇi | admasán ná sasató bodháyantī śaśvat-tamā́gāt púnar ā́īyuṣīṇām ||

Translation

Elle est apparue — pure comme une poitrine lumineuse — et, telle Nodhās, elle a rendu manifestes les choses chères. Éveillant les dormeurs comme hors de la demeure, l’Aurore la plus pérenne revient parmi ceux qui reviennent.

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Word by Word

• उपो: near, towards; up (as preverb/particle)
• उपो: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/निपात) अथवा उपो = उप + उ

• अदर्शि: was seen; appeared
• अदर्शि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (दर्शन) < दॄश्

• शुन्ध्युवः: the bright/cleansing ones (i.e., radiant [rays/mares])
• शुन्ध्युवः: Kartā (with implied verb of comparison) / Viśeṣya in simile
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: शुन्ध्यु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘शुद्ध/दीप्त’ भाव) अथवा शुन्ध्-सम्बद्ध विशेषण

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात) / न (निषेध) — here upamā

• वक्षः: breast, chest
• वक्षः: Karma (in implied comparison) / Viśeṣya
• Type: Noun
• Root: वक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• नोधाः: Nodhas (a seer)
• नोधाः: Kartā (in simile: ‘like Nodhas’)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: नोधा (ऋषिनाम; प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (उपमा-निपात)

• आविः: openly, manifestly
• आविः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आविस्/आविः (अव्यय)

• अकृत: made; has made
• अकृत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (करण) + अ (अङ्ग/अग्म) → लुङ्/लिट्-प्रयोग; here injunctive/aorist-like perfective

• प्रियाणि: dear things; pleasant (deeds/gifts)
• प्रियाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• अद्मसत्: as at a meal; as one seated for eating (idiomatically: ‘as if at a feast’)
• अद्मसत्: —
• Type: Adjective / Participle-like (Vedic) used adverbially
• Root: अद्मसत् (वैदिक रूप; √अद् ‘भक्षण’ से ‘अद्मन्’/‘अद्म’ सम्बद्ध; ‘भोज/आहार’ अथवा ‘अद्मसद्’ = ‘भोजन-आसीन’/‘भोजने स्थित’)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• ससतः: of the pursuing/striving ones; of the eager (men)
• ससतः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (genitive of those being addressed/affected) بحسب अर्थ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: ससत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सतत/शीघ्रगामी/अनुसरन्’ भाव; RV usage) अथवा √सस्/संस् ‘to pursue’ से

• बोधयन्ती: awakening; causing to notice
• बोधयन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: बुध् (बोधन) → causative बोधय-

• शश्वत्तम: most constantly; ever again
• शश्वत्तम: Karma/Adverbial (kriyā-viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: शश्वत् (सदा) + तमप्

• आगात्: came; arrived
• आगात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (गमन) + आ (उपसर्ग)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)

• एयुषीणाम्: of the returning ones; of those who have gone/come (back)
• एयुषीणाम्: Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (genitive: ‘of those who have gone/come’, i.e., returning ones) بحسب अर्थ
• Type: Noun/Adjective (f.)
• Root: एयुषी (स्त्री; √इ ‘to go’ से ‘एयुष्/एयुषी’ ‘going/coming’)