Shloka 4

Yama-vilāpana

The Lamentation Concerning Yama

Devanagari script

उपोष्य वासरं विष्णोर्लोकं यांति नृपाज्ञया । सोऽस्माकं हि महान् शत्रुर्भवतां च विशेषतः ॥ ४ ॥

Transliteration

upoṣya vāsaraṃ viṣṇorlokaṃ yāṃti nṛpājñayā | so'smākaṃ hi mahān śatrurbhavatāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ || 4 ||

Translation

Après avoir jeûné un jour, ils gagnent le monde de Viṣṇu sur l’ordre du roi. En vérité, il est un grand ennemi pour nous—et plus encore pour vous.

Word by Word

• उपोष्य: having fasted
• उपोष्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal), ‘having fasted’

• वासरम्: a day
• वासरम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of उपोष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विष्णोः: of Vishnu
• विष्णोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• लोकम्: world (realm)
• लोकम्: Gati-Karma (गतिकर्म/Goal as object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यान्ति: go
• यान्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• नृपाज्ञया: by the king’s command
• नृपाज्ञया: Karana (करण/Instrument/means: by order)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप-आज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: नृपस्य आज्ञया (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अस्माकम्: of us/our
• अस्माकम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन (genitive plural)

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Nipata (निपात/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic/causal particle)

• महान्: great
• महान्: Visheshana (विशेषण of शत्रुः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शत्रुः: enemy
• शत्रुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भवताम्: of you (all)
• भवताम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन (honorific ‘you’)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• विशेषतः: especially
• विशेषतः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेषतस् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय (adverb)

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative dialogue voice within Uttara-Bhaga; exact speaker not stated in the provided verse)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Upoṣa (one-day fast)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It states the fruit (phala) of a one-day fast: attainment of Viṣṇu’s realm, highlighting vrata as a direct means to higher spiritual destinations.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By linking upavāsa (fasting) to reaching Viṣṇu-loka, it frames bodily discipline as an offering that supports Viṣṇu-bhakti and produces divine proximity as its result.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Ritual discipline (kalpa-oriented practice) is implied: the regulated observance of a vrata (one-day fast) and its stated phala, rather than grammar or astrology.