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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 42

The Greatness of the Gaṅgā

Gaṅgāmāhātmya

मकरस्थे रवौ गङ्गा यत्र कुत्रावगाहिता । पुनाति स्नानपानाद्यैर्नयन्तीन्द्रपुरं जगत् ॥ ४२ ॥

makarasthe ravau gaṅgā yatra kutrāvagāhitā | punāti snānapānādyairnayantīndrapuraṃ jagat || 42 ||

Lorsque le Soleil entre en Makara (Capricorne), le Gaṅgā—où que l’on s’y baigne—purifie le monde par des actes tels que le bain et le fait de boire ses eaux, et conduit les êtres vers la demeure céleste d’Indra.

मकर-स्थेwhen (the sun) is in Makara
मकर-स्थे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeAdjective
Rootमकर (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √स्था)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa ‘situated in Capricorn (Makara)’; used with ‘ravau’
रवौin the sun (i.e., when the sun is...)
रवौ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
गङ्गाGaṅgā
गङ्गा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगङ्गा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) ‘where’
कुत्रwherever
कुत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुत्र (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable interrogative/indefinite adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) ‘anywhere/wherever’ (here: ‘wherever’)
अवगाहिताis bathed in / entered for bathing
अवगाहिता:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Condition)
TypeAdjective
Rootअव-√गाह् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle (क्त) ‘bathed/immersed’ agreeing with ‘gaṅgā’ (i.e., ‘Gaṅgā (water) when bathed in’)
पुनातिpurifies
पुनाति:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√पू (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
स्नान-पान-आद्यैःby bathing, drinking, etc.
स्नान-पान-आद्यैः:
Karaṇa (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक) + पान (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); Dvandva with ‘ādi’ (समाहार-द्वन्द्व) ‘by bathing, drinking, etc.’
नयन्तीleading
नयन्ती:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent—participle qualifying subject)
TypeAdjective
Root√नी (धातु)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); present active participle (शतृ) ‘leading’; agrees with ‘gaṅgā’
इन्द्र-पुरम्Indra’s city (heaven)
इन्द्र-पुरम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object—goal)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) + पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) ‘Indra’s city’
जगत्the world (people)
जगत्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Narada (teaching in a tirtha-mahatmya context)

Vrata: Makara-saṅkrānti snāna (seasonal observance; not named as a vrata in the verse)

Primary Rasa: bhakti

Secondary Rasa: shanta

G
Ganga
R
Ravi (Surya)
M
Makara (Capricorn)
I
Indra

FAQs

It teaches that bathing in the Gaṅgā during the Sun’s Makara transit is a powerful purifier (pāvanatva), generating punya through simple sacred acts like immersion and sipping her water, with results described as leading toward Svarga.

Though focused on tirtha-ritual, it supports Bhakti by honoring Gaṅgā as a divine purifier and encouraging faith-filled, dharma-aligned practice; such reverent acts are presented as spiritually elevating and merit-producing.

It reflects Jyotiṣa/astral timing: the merit is linked to a specific solar ingress (Surya in Makara), showing the Narada Purana’s use of calendrical-astrological auspiciousness for ritual efficacy.