Previous Verse
Next Verse

Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 4

Saṃsāra-duḥkha: Karmic Descent, Garbhavāsa, Life’s Anxieties, Death, and the Call to Jñāna-Bhakti

स्थावरत्वेऽपि बहुकालं वानरादिभिर्भुज्यमाना हि च्छेदनदवाग्निदहनशीतातपादिदुःखमनुभूय म्रियते । ततश्च क्रिमयो भूत्वा सदादुःखबहुलाः क्षणार्ध्दं जीवंतः क्षणार्ध्दं म्रियमाणा बलवत्प्राणिपीडायां निवारयितुमक्षमाः शीतवातादिक्लेशभूयिष्ठा नित्यं क्षुधाक्षुधिता मलमूत्रादिषु सचरंतो दुःखमनुभवंति ॥ ४ ॥

sthāvaratve'pi bahukālaṃ vānarādibhirbhujyamānā hi cchedanadavāgnidahanaśītātapādiduḥkhamanubhūya mriyate | tataśca krimayo bhūtvā sadāduḥkhabahulāḥ kṣaṇārdhdaṃ jīvaṃtaḥ kṣaṇārdhdaṃ mriyamāṇā balavatprāṇipīḍāyāṃ nivārayitumakṣamāḥ śītavātādikleśabhūyiṣṭhā nityaṃ kṣudhākṣudhitā malamūtrādiṣu sacaraṃto duḥkhamanubhavaṃti || 4 ||

Même lorsqu’on obtient l’état d’être immobile, tel une plante ou un arbre, on est longtemps dévoré par les singes et autres; on endure la douleur de la coupe, l’embrasement des feux de forêt, le froid, la chaleur et bien d’autres peines, puis l’on meurt. Ensuite, devenu ver, on demeure sans cesse rempli de misère : vivant un demi-instant et mourant un demi-instant, incapable d’écarter le tourment violent infligé par des créatures plus fortes; accablé par le froid, le vent et d’autres épreuves; toujours affamé et pourtant affamé, rampant parmi les souillures, l’urine et autres immondices, on ne fait qu’éprouver la souffrance.

sthāvaratvein the state of being immobile (as a plant/tree)
sthāvaratve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsthāvaratva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
apieven/although
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), concessive 'even/although'
bahu-kālamfor a long time
bahu-kālam:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbahu + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; used adverbially = 'for a long time'
vānarādibhiḥby monkeys and the like
vānarādibhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); ādi=etc.
bhujyamānābeing eaten/enjoyed
bhujyamānā:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (भुज् धातु)
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्/कर्मणि वर्तमान कृदन्त), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st), Singular; agreeing with implied 'she/it (the embodied being)'
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphatic/causal
cchhedana-davāgni-dahana-śīta-ātapa-ādi-duḥkhamsuffering such as cutting, forest-fire burning, cold, heat, etc.
cchhedana-davāgni-dahana-śīta-ātapa-ādi-duḥkham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcchhedana + davāgni + dahana + śīta + ātapa + ādi + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; compound enumerating kinds of suffering
anubhūyahaving experienced
anubhūya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-bhū (अनुभू धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), 'having experienced'
mriyatedies
mriyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootmṛ (मृ धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Ātmanepada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular
tataḥthen/thereafter
tataḥ:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण), 'then/from that'
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
krimayaḥworms
krimayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkrimi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Plural
bhūtvāhaving become
bhūtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), 'having become'
sadā-duḥkha-bahulāḥalways full of suffering
sadā-duḥkha-bahulāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsadā (अव्यय) + duḥkha + bahula (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; adjective qualifying krimayaḥ
kṣaṇa-ardhamfor half a moment
kṣaṇa-ardham:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣaṇa + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; used adverbially = 'for half a moment'
jīvantaḥliving
jīvantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootjīv (जीव् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; agreeing with krimayaḥ
kṣaṇa-ardhamfor half a moment
kṣaṇa-ardham:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣaṇa + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; adverbial repetition
mriyamāṇāḥdying
mriyamāṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootmṛ (मृ धातु)
FormPresent middle/passive participle (शानच्), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; agreeing with krimayaḥ
balavat-prāṇi-pīḍāyāmin intense suffering inflicted on living beings
balavat-prāṇi-pīḍāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbalavat + prāṇin + pīḍā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th), Singular; 'in severe torment of living beings'
nivārayitumto prevent
nivārayitum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Rootni-vṛ (निवृ/निवार् धातु)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्), 'to prevent/ward off'
akṣamāḥunable/incapable
akṣamāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota-kṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; predicate adjective of krimayaḥ
śīta-vāta-ādi-kleśa-bhūyiṣṭhāḥmostly afflicted by cold, wind, etc.
śīta-vāta-ādi-kleśa-bhūyiṣṭhāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśīta + vāta + ādi + kleśa + bhūyiṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; 'mostly consisting of troubles like cold and wind'
nityamalways
nityam:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnityam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
kṣudhā-kṣudhitāḥtormented by hunger
kṣudhā-kṣudhitāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣudhā + kṣudhita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; 'hunger-stricken'
mala-mūtra-ādiṣuin excrement, urine, etc.
mala-mūtra-ādiṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmala + mūtra + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th), Plural; 'in filth, urine, etc.'
sacarantaḥmoving about
sacarantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootsa-car (चर् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; 'moving about'
duḥkhamsuffering
duḥkham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular
anubhavantiexperience
anubhavanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-bhū (अनुभू धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

Sanatkumāra (in dialogue with Nārada)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: karuna

N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

It intensifies vairāgya (detachment) by describing how karmic bondage can lead to painful, helpless embodiments—urging the seeker to pursue dharma and liberation rather than sense-driven actions.

By showing the terror of saṁsāra and the fragility of embodied life, it prepares the mind for taking refuge in the Lord—bhakti as a saving orientation that redirects karma toward purification and mokṣa.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is ethical causality (karma) and the urgency of disciplined dharma as the foundation for higher knowledge.