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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 38

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

राजा पंथास्तथा दंडी ब्रह्महा पंच चाष्ट च । अष्टौ अयं मुने सम्राट् सविभ्रद्वपुङ्मनः ॥ ३८ ॥

rājā paṃthāstathā daṃḍī brahmahā paṃca cāṣṭa ca | aṣṭau ayaṃ mune samrāṭ savibhradvapuṅmanaḥ || 38 ||

Ô sage, ce Souverain (Temps/Mort), dont le corps et l’esprit inspirent une crainte sacrée, est dit avoir huit formes : le roi, la voie, le châtieur portant le daṇḍa, le meurtrier d’un brāhmaṇa, les cinq éléments, et aussi le groupe des huit.

राजाking
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
पन्थाःpath, way
पन्थाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्/पन्थन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
तथाthus, also
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अव्यय-प्रकारः—समुच्चय/उपमानार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: 'thus/also')
दण्डीstaff-bearer; one with a staff
दण्डी:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
ब्रह्महाslayer of a Brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्च (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्या; (numeral) प्रथमा/द्वितीया-सम्भाव्य, बहुवचनार्थ (five)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction 'and')
अष्टeight
अष्ट:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्ट (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्या; (numeral) प्रथमा/द्वितीया-सम्भाव्य, बहुवचनार्थ (eight)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction 'and')
अष्टौthe two 'eight' forms / eight (dual form)
अष्टौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टन् (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (संख्याशब्द), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual)
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
मुनेO sage
मुने:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
सम्राट्emperor
सम्राट्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसम्राज्/सम्राट् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
स-विभ्रत्-वपुः-मनःhaving (bearing) a splendid body and mind
स-विभ्रत्-वपुः-मनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + विभ्रत् (धृ धातु, शतृ/वर्तमानकृदन्त) + वपुस् (प्रातिपदिक) + मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहिसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विभ्रत् = धृ (धातु) शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle)

Sanatkumara (addressing Narada)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

The verse frames an overpowering cosmic authority (often understood as Time/Death and moral retribution) as manifesting through worldly structures—kingship, law/punishment, and even the elemental order—showing that dharma and karmic consequence are inescapable and ultimately meant to turn the mind toward moksha.

By emphasizing that worldly power, punishment, and the results of grave sins operate under a higher sovereignty, the verse indirectly urges surrender to the Supreme and a dharmic life—foundational attitudes for Vishnu-bhakti in Moksha Dharma contexts.

It primarily highlights nīti/dharma reasoning rather than a specific Vedāṅga; however, the enumeration style reflects traditional śāstric classification used across disciplines (including Vyākaraṇa and Jyotiṣa) to teach ordered categories like “five” (elements) and “eightfold” groupings.