Previous Verse
Next Verse

Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 51

Anūcāna (True Learning), the Vedāṅgas, and Śikṣā: Svara, Sāmavedic Chant, and Gandharva Theory

गांधारश्च निषादश्च वैश्यावर्द्धेन वै स्मृतौ । शूद्रत्वं विधिनार्द्धेन पतितत्वान्न संशयः ॥ ५० ॥

gāṃdhāraśca niṣādaśca vaiśyāvarddhena vai smṛtau | śūdratvaṃ vidhinārddhena patitatvānna saṃśayaḥ || 50 ||

Dans la Smṛti, il est enseigné que Gāndhāra et Niṣāda ne sont comptés comme Vaiśyas qu’à moitié; selon la règle prescrite, ils sont aussi comptés comme Śūdras pour moitié—et nul doute qu’ils tombent dans l’état de « patita » (déchu).

गान्धारःGāndhāra
गान्धारः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
निषादःNiṣāda
निषादः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनिषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
वैश्यौVaiśyas
वैश्यौ:
Pratijñā/Predicate noun (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
अर्द्धेनby half (in part)
अर्द्धेन:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्द्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; करण (means)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphasis)
स्मृतौare considered/remembered
स्मृतौ:
Kriyā (क्रिया; participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु)
Formकृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) ‘स्मृत’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
शूद्रत्वम्Śūdra-hood
शूद्रत्वम्:
Karma/Topic (कर्म/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रत्व (प्रातिपदिक; शूद्र + त्व)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
विधिनाby rule/according to injunction
विधिना:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; करण
अर्द्धेनby half
अर्द्धेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्द्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
पतितत्वात्from (resulting) fallen-ness
पतितत्वात्:
Apādāna/Hetu (अपादान/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootपतितत्व (प्रातिपदिक; पतित + त्व)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; हेतु/अपादान (cause/source)
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Sanatkumara (in dialogue with Narada, Moksha-dharma instruction context)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

G
Gandhara
N
Nishada
S
Smriti

FAQs

The verse frames social classification as a Smṛti-based dharma rule and warns that deviation from prescribed dharmic standing is described as leading to “patita” status, emphasizing ethical discipline as a support for mokṣa-oriented life.

Indirectly: it highlights dharmic boundaries taught in Smṛti, which in the Purāṇic worldview are meant to stabilize conduct (ācāra); such steadiness is often presented as a foundation upon which Viṣṇu-bhakti and inner purification can mature.

It reflects Dharmaśāstra/Smṛti application—practical normative rules used in ritual and social eligibility discussions (e.g., who may perform certain rites), rather than a specific Vedāṅga like Vyākaraṇa; it is a dharma-interpretation takeaway.