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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 53

Jīva–Ātman Inquiry; Kṣetrajña Doctrine; Karma-based Varṇa; Four Āśramas and Sannyāsa Discipline

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राणामसितस्तथा । भरद्वाज उवाच । चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य वर्णेन यदि वर्णो विभिद्यते ॥ ५३ ॥

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāṇāmasitastathā | bharadvāja uvāca | cāturvarṇyasya varṇena yadi varṇo vibhidyate || 53 ||

«Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas et Śūdras — et aussi ceux au teint sombre.» Bharadvāja dit : «Si, dans l’ordre des quatre varṇas (cāturvarṇya), la varṇa se distingue par la ‘couleur’ (varṇa)…»

ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
क्षत्रियाःKṣatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
वैश्याःVaiśyas
वैश्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
शूद्राणाम्of the Śūdras
शूद्राणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (plural)
असितःAsita
असितः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअसित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); पाठानुसारं नाम (proper name)
तथाalso
तथा:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थ (adverb: 'also')
भरद्वाजःBharadvāja
भरद्वाजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभरद्वाज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold social order
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (singular)
वर्णेनby (a) color/class
वर्णेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (singular)
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formशर्तार्थक अव्यय (conditional particle)
वर्णःvarna/class
वर्णः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)
विभिद्यतेis divided
विभिद्यते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√भिद् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular); कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग (passive sense: 'is divided')

Bharadvaja

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

B
Bharadvaja

FAQs

This verse frames a doctrinal question: if society is called “four-varṇa,” how can varṇa be defined purely by external ‘color.’ It prepares the ground for a dharmic, more principled definition of human classification beyond superficial traits.

Indirectly, it challenges rigid external markers as ultimate spiritual criteria—an approach consistent with Purāṇic bhakti teaching, where devotion and conduct are emphasized over mere outward identifiers.

The verse hinges on precise semantic usage of the term “varṇa” (color/class), reflecting a vyākaraṇa-style concern for correct meaning and definition—useful for interpreting dharma passages accurately.