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Shloka 14

शास्त्रज्ञा देशकालज्ञास्तपोयुक्ता: क्रियान्विता: । अकृत्वा सदृशं कर्म कि शेध्वं पुरुषर्षभा:

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca |

śāstrajñā deśakālajñās tapoyuktāḥ kriyānvitāḥ |

akṛtvā sadṛśaṃ karma kiṃ śedhvaṃ puruṣarṣabhāḥ |

dharmaputro mahābāhur vilalāpa suvistaram ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana dit : «Ô hommes pareils à des taureaux ! Vous étiez versés dans les śāstra, capables de discerner le lieu et le temps, exercés à l’austérité et fermes dans l’action. Sans avoir accompli des actes dignes de votre force, pourquoi gisez-vous ainsi ?» Voyant ses frères étendus, sans souffle, Dharmaputra Yudhiṣṭhira—aux bras puissants—fut submergé de douleur et se lamenta longuement, sa peine aiguisée par le choc moral : comment des guerriers si capables et si attachés au devoir pouvaient-ils périr avant d’avoir mené à bien l’œuvre qui leur convenait ?

शास्त्रज्ञाःknowers of the scriptures
शास्त्रज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशास्त्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देशकालज्ञाःknowers of place and time
देशकालज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदेशकालज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपःयुक्ताःendowed with austerity
तपःयुक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतपःयुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रियान्विताःengaged in action / active
क्रियान्विताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रियान्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अकृत्वाwithout doing / having not done
अकृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
सदृशम्befitting / suitable
सदृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मdeed, action
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
किम्why? / how?
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
शेध्वम्do you lie down / sleep?
शेध्वम्:
TypeVerb
Rootशी
FormImperative, Second, Plural, Atmanepada
पुरुषर्षभाःO best of men!
पुरुषर्षभाः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
धर्मपुत्रःDharma’s son (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाबाहुःthe mighty-armed one
महाबाहुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विललापlamented
विललाप:
TypeVerb
Rootलप्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुविस्तरम्at great length
सुविस्तरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसुविस्तरम्

वैशग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmaputra)
A
Arjuna
B
Bhīmasena
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
B
bows and arrows (dhanus-bāṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ideal of context-sensitive dharma: true excellence combines scriptural understanding, discernment of time and place, disciplined self-control, and effective action. Yudhiṣṭhira’s lament underscores the tragedy when capable, duty-oriented persons die before accomplishing the work befitting their station and strength.

After seeing his brothers lying fallen and apparently lifeless, Yudhiṣṭhira is overcome with grief. He addresses them as exemplary men—learned, discerning, ascetic, and active—and asks why they lie there without having performed deeds worthy of them, expressing prolonged lamentation.