Shloka 31
राजधर्मः—प्रमादवर्जनं, दण्डनीतिः, दुर्बलरक्षणम्
Royal Dharma: Vigilance, Just Punishment, Protection of the Vulnerable
Devanagari script
संविभज्य यदा भूड्क्ते नामात्यानवमन्यते । निहन्ति बलिन दृप्तं स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते
Translation
Lorsque le roi distribue selon ce qui convient et ne jouit qu’ensuite de sa part, qu’il ne méprise pas ses ministres et qu’il abat le méchant ou l’ennemi, enivré de puissance et d’orgueil, alors tout cela est appelé le dharma du roi, le rājadharma.
Word by Word
संविभज्यhaving duly apportioned/distributed
संविभज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + वि + भज्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
भुङ्क्तेenjoys/consumes
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formलट्, present indicative, 3, singular, आत्मनेपद
नामात्यान्not the ministers (i.e., he does not ... the ministers)
नामात्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootन + अमात्य
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अवमन्यतेdisrespects/insults
अवमन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + मन्
Formलट्, present indicative, 3, singular, आत्मनेपद
निहन्तिkills/slays
निहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + हन्
Formलट्, present indicative, 3, singular, परस्मैपद
बलिनम्the strong/powerful (man)
बलिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबलिन्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
दृप्तम्the arrogant/proud (one)
दृप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदृप्त
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
सःhe/that (king)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
धर्मःduty/law (dharma)
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलट्, present indicative, 3, singular, आत्मनेपद, कर्मणि (passive)
Speaker
उतथ्य उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes