Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 71

बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account

On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics

व्यड्भता च शरीरस्य वधो वानल्पकारणात्‌ । असेरेतानि रूपाणि दुर्वारादीनि निर्दिशेत्‌

vyāḍbhatā ca śarīrasya vadho vānalpakāraṇāt | aseretāni rūpāṇi durvārādīni nirdiśet ||

Bhīṣma dit : «Il est des peines qui vont jusqu’à la mutilation du corps, et—lorsque la cause est grave—des peines qui vont jusqu’à ôter la vie. Ces formes de contrainte, difficiles à repousser et à éviter, doivent être proclamées clairement. Il faut protéger tous les sujets selon le dharma, sans faveur arbitraire : contenir les coupables par le blâme et des paroles dures (peine verbale), par une lourde exaction d’argent (peine pécuniaire), par la mutilation (peine corporelle) et—quand un grand crime l’exige—par l’exécution (peine capitale). Que le peuple soit instruit de ces quatre peines, afin que l’ordre se maintienne par une discipline juste, connue et proportionnée.»

व्यड्भताmutilation / cutting off (of a limb)
व्यड्भता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यड्भता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शरीरस्यof the body
शरीरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
वधःkilling / execution
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अनल्पकारणात्from/for no small cause (i.e., for a grave reason)
अनल्पकारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनल्प-कारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
असेरेतानिthese (forms/kinds) (reading uncertain)
असेरेतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसेरेतानि
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
रूपाणिforms / kinds
रूपाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
दुर्वारादीनिbeginning with ‘hard to ward off’ (i.e., irresistible etc.)
दुर्वारादीनि:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्वार-आदि
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
निर्दिशेत्should indicate / should prescribe
निर्दिशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि√दिश्
FormVidhi-ling, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Punishment (daṇḍa) must be dharma-based, proportionate to the offense, and publicly known. A ruler should protect all subjects impartially and restrain wrongdoing through graded penalties—verbal censure, monetary fines, corporal punishment, and, for major crimes, execution.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous governance, Bhīṣma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on statecraft: how a king should maintain order by prescribing and announcing clear categories of punishment, ensuring deterrence and fairness rather than arbitrary rule.