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Shloka 43

हते विराटे द्रपदे केकयेषु तथैव च,विराट, द्रुपद, केकय, चेदि, मत्स्य और पांचाल योद्धाओं तथा राजा द्रुपदके तीनों वीर पौत्रोंके मारे जानेपर द्रोणाचार्यका वह कर्म देखकर क्रोध और दुःखसे भरे हुए महामनस्वी धष्टद्युम्नने रथियोंके बीचमें इस प्रकार शपथ खायी

sañjaya uvāca | hate virāṭe drapade kekayeṣu tathaiva ca, virāṭa-drupada-kekaya-cedi-matsya-pāñcāla yoddhāṇāṁ tathā rājñaḥ drupadasya trayo vīra-pautrāḥ hata iti dṛṣṭvā droṇācāryasya tat karma | krodha-duḥkha-samāviṣṭo mahāmanā dhṛṣṭadyumno rathināṁ madhye evaṁ śapathaṁ cakāra ||

Sañjaya dit : Lorsque Virāṭa et Drupada furent tués, ainsi que les Kekayas; lorsque les guerriers de Virāṭa, de Drupada, des Kekayas, des Cedis, des Matsyas et des Pāñcālas furent abattus—avec les trois vaillants petits-fils du roi Drupada—Dhṛṣṭadyumna, l’âme haute, accablé de colère et de chagrin en voyant l’acte de Droṇācārya, prononça un vœu solennel au milieu des combattants en chars.

हतेwhen (he) was slain
हते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (हत)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विराटेin/when Virāṭa
विराटे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविराट
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
द्रपदेin/when Drupada
द्रपदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रुपद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
केकयेषुamong the Kekayas
केकयेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकेकय
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
V
Virata
D
Drupada
K
Kekayas
C
Cedis
M
Matsyas
P
Panchalas
D
Droṇācārya (Drona)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
D
Drupada's three grandsons
R
rathins (chariot-warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the shock of mass death in war can transform grief into a binding vow. Ethically, it points to the dangerous cycle where personal loss and anger intensify retaliation, even among those who consider themselves high-minded, thereby escalating violence and narrowing moral judgment.

Sanjaya reports that after Virata, Drupada, many allied warriors (Kekaya, Cedi, Matsya, Panchala), and Drupada’s three grandsons are killed, Dhṛṣṭadyumna—seeing Drona’s action—becomes filled with anger and sorrow and publicly takes an oath among the chariot-warriors, setting up his next decisive move in the battle.