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Shloka 44

तथैव चेदिमत्स्येषु पज्चालेषु तथैव च । हतेषु त्रिषु वीरेषु ट्रपदस्य च नप्तृषु,विराट, द्रुपद, केकय, चेदि, मत्स्य और पांचाल योद्धाओं तथा राजा द्रुपदके तीनों वीर पौत्रोंके मारे जानेपर द्रोणाचार्यका वह कर्म देखकर क्रोध और दुःखसे भरे हुए महामनस्वी धष्टद्युम्नने रथियोंके बीचमें इस प्रकार शपथ खायी

sañjaya uvāca | tathaiva cedi-matsyeṣu pāñcāleṣu tathaiva ca | hateṣu triṣu vīreṣu drupadasya ca naptṛṣu ||

Sañjaya dit : «Il en alla de même parmi les Cedis et les Matsyas, et de même encore parmi les Pāñcālas. Lorsque les trois vaillants petits-fils de Drupada furent tués, Dhṛṣṭadyumna —l’esprit noble, mais submergé de chagrin et de colère en voyant l’acte de Droṇa— prononça un vœu solennel au milieu des combattants en chars.»

तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
मत्स्येषुamong the Matsyas
मत्स्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
Formmasculine, locative, plural
पाञ्चालेषुamong the Panchalas
पाञ्चालेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल
Formmasculine, locative, plural
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हतेषुwhen (they were) slain; among the slain
हतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहत
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, plural
त्रिषुin/among three
त्रिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रि
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, plural
वीरेषुamong the heroes
वीरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
Formmasculine, locative, plural
द्रुपदस्यof Drupada
द्रुपदस्य:
Sampradana
TypeProper noun
Rootद्रुपद
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नप्तृषुamong the grandsons
नप्तृषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनप्तृ
Formmasculine, locative, plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
Cedi
M
Matsya
P
Pāñcāla
D
Drupada
D
Drupada’s three grandsons
D
Dṛṣṭadyumna
D
Droṇa
R
rathin (chariot-warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how battlefield actions generate powerful moral-emotional consequences: the killing of close kin provokes grief and anger that crystallize into vows of retaliation. It frames the ethical tension of kṣatriya warfare—duty and strategy on one side, and personal loss driving escalating violence on the other.

Sañjaya reports that after heavy losses among allied forces (Cedi, Matsya, and Pāñcāla) and the death of Drupada’s three grandsons, Dṛṣṭadyumna, distressed and enraged at Droṇa’s actions, makes a vow publicly among the chariot-fighters, setting up the next events of the battle.