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Shloka 21

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

यो रक्षिभ्य: सम्प्रदाय राजा राष्ट्र विलुम्पति । यज्ञे राष्ट्रादू धनं तस्मादानयध्वमिति ब्रुवन्‌

yo rakṣibhyaḥ sampradāya rājā rāṣṭraṃ vilumpati | yajñe rāṣṭrād dhanaṃ tasmād ānayadhvam iti bruvan |

Bhishma dit : Le roi qui, après avoir remis les affaires à ses gardes et à ses officiers, pille son propre royaume et, parlant ainsi, ordonne à ses serviteurs : « Rapportez de l’argent du pays pour le sacrifice », dépouille ses sujets au nom du yajña. Et lorsqu’il accomplit le sacrifice avec des richesses extorquées durement par l’intimidation sur son ordre, un tel sacrifice n’est pas loué par les nobles et les clairvoyants. Le rite se trouve souillé sur le plan éthique, car il est financé par l’oppression plutôt que par des moyens justes.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षिभ्यःto the guards/protectors
रक्षिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
सम्प्रदायhaving handed over
सम्प्रदाय:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-दा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), having handed over
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राष्ट्रम्the kingdom/realm
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विलुम्पतिplunders/robs
विलुम्पति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-लुप्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यज्ञेfor/in the sacrifice
यज्ञे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राष्ट्रात्from the kingdom
राष्ट्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
धनम्wealth/money
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्from that (place/source)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
आनयध्वम्bring (you all)!
आनयध्वम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-नी
FormPresent, Imperative, Second, Plural, Ātmanepada
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ब्रुवन्saying
ब्रुवन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects/realm (rāṣṭra)
G
guards/officials (rakṣin)
S
sacrifice (yajña)
W
wealth (dhana)

Educational Q&A

A religious act (yajña) does not become meritorious merely by its outward ritual form; its moral legitimacy depends on the means by which it is funded. Wealth taken by coercion from subjects corrupts the sacrifice, and the wise do not praise such a rite.

Bhishma criticizes a ruler who orders officials to collect money from the kingdom under the pretext of performing a sacrifice. The verse condemns the king’s exploitation of subjects and states that sacrifices performed with such forcibly extracted wealth are not approved by noble persons.