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Shloka 32

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

गृहस्थव्रतमातिष्ठन्‌ द्वेिकालकृतभोजन: । शेषाशी विजिताहारो निष्कामो निरहंवद:

gṛhastha-vratam ātiṣṭhan dvikāla-kṛta-bhojanaḥ | śeṣāśī vijitāhāro niṣkāmo nirahaṃvadaḥ ||

Mahādeva dit : «Observant le vœu du maître de maison, qu’il ne prenne nourriture que deux fois par jour. Qu’il ne mange que ce qui demeure après les offrandes, qu’il maîtrise son appétit, soit libre de désir et parle sans ego. Ainsi discipliné, qu’il accomplisse les sacrifices domestiques selon la règle, honore les hôtes et surtout les savants, entretienne les feux sacrés par la récitation des mantras, et recherche le bien et l’élévation de tous les varṇas. Celui qui vit ainsi se purifie et obtient un rang plus haut et une naissance de bon augure.»

गृहस्थव्रतम्the householder’s vow/duty
गृहस्थव्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आतिष्ठन्observing / undertaking
आतिष्ठन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (आ-स्था)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Lat, present active participle (शतृ) used predicatively
द्विकालकृतभोजनःone who eats (only) at two times (a day)
द्विकालकृतभोजनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विकालकृतभोजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शेषाशीeating only what remains (after offerings/guests)
शेषाशी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशेषाशिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विजिताहारःhaving conquered/controlled food (diet)
विजिताहारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविजिताहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निष्कामःdesireless
निष्कामः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्काम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निरहंवदःnot speaking in terms of ‘I’ (free from egoistic talk)
निरहंवदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरहंवद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrīmahēśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
G
gṛhastha (householder)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
A
agnihotra
T
three sacred fires (gārhapatya, āhavanīya, dakṣiṇa)
B
brāhmaṇas
V
varṇas (social orders)
V
vaiśya
K
kṣatriya-kula (kṣatriya lineage)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches gṛhastha-dharma as disciplined living: eat moderately (twice daily), consume only what remains after offerings and hospitality, restrain appetite, abandon selfish desire, and act without ego—supporting society through sacrifice, reverence to the learned, and proper tending of the sacred fires.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Mahādeva is presented as advising the proper conduct and ritual-ethical duties of a householder (especially framed for a vaiśya), describing how such practice purifies a person and leads to elevated status and auspicious future birth.