Shloka 20
Aśauca-vidhi (Rules of Impurity) within Śrāddha-kalpa — Chapter on Testing/Selecting Brahmanas and Honoring the Atithi
Devanagari script
न वक्तव्यं सदा विप्र क्षुधिते नास्ति किञ्चन / तस्मै सत्कृत्य दातव्यं सदापचितिरेव सः
Transliteration
na vaktavyaṃ sadā vipra kṣudhite nāsti kiñcana / tasmai satkṛtya dātavyaṃ sadāpacitireva saḥ
Translation
Ô vipra, ne dis pas sans cesse à l’affamé : «il n’y a rien» ; donne-lui avec respect : telle est l’hommage qui demeure.
Word by Word
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
vaktavyamshould be said
vaktavyam:
Kriyā (क्रिया; vidhi/niṣedha)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormGerundive/Obligative (तव्यत्); Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; impersonal ‘should be said’
sadāalways
sadā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक)
vipraO Brahmin
vipra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular
kṣudhitewhen (he) is hungry
kṣudhite:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative circumstance)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣudhita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √kṣudh ‘क्षुध्’)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; past participle used adjectivally; ‘when (someone) is hungry’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
astiis
asti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular, Parasmaipada
kiñcanaanything (at all)
kiñcana:
Karta (कर्ता; with asti)
TypeNoun
Rootkiñcana (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; indefinite pronoun ‘anything’
tasmaito him
tasmai:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular
sat-kṛtyahaving honored
sat-kṛtya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsat (प्रातिपदिक) + √kṛ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्)
dātavyamshould be given
dātavyam:
Kriyā (क्रिया; vidhi)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
FormGerundive (तव्यत्); Neuter, Nominative, Singular; ‘should be given’
sadāalways
sadā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb
apacitiḥhonour/reverence
apacitiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; equational predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootapaciti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘honour/respect/recompense’
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular